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NEET • BIOLOGY • MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Molecular basis of inheritance practice · Mixed difficulty

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Showing 331-360 of 388 questions

331 Medium

331 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Genes expressed as RNA

Option A (Genes expressed as RNA) is correct because Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are short DNA sequences that correspond to genes that are actively being transcribed into RNA.

332 Medium

332 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

In E. Coli, complete DNA replication requires?

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Correct option: C

19 minutes

Option B is correct because, under optimal conditions, E. coli can complete DNA replication in approximately 20 minutes.

333 Medium

333 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

The process of translation of mRNA to proteins begins as soon as :

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

The small subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA

Option B (The small subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA) is correct because translation begins when the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA.

334 Medium

334 of 388

Application +4 | -1

Template strand of DNA has -GAG- in normal case. If it is mutated to -GTG- which amino acid will be incorporated in the polypeptide

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Correct option: D

Valine

Option D (Valine) is correct because the mutated DNA sequence -GTG- corresponds to the mRNA codon CAC, which codes for valine.

335 Hard

335 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

In a post-transcriptional modification called tailing, _____ residues are added at the ______ of hnRNA.

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Correct option: C

Adenylate, 3'-end

Option C (Adenylate, 3'-end) is correct because during tailing, adenylate residues (poly(A) tail) are added to the 3'-end of hnRNA.

336 Hard

336 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Meselson and Stahl experiment on semi-conservative replication demonstrates

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Correct option: A

50% radioactive, 50% non-radioactive

Option A is correct because the Meselson and Stahl experiment showed that DNA replication is semi-conservative, resulting in 50% hybrid (radioactive and non-radioactive) DNA molecules after one generation in a non-radioactive medium.

337 Hard

337 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Select the two correct statements out of the four (a to d) given below about lac operon:-
(a) Allolactose may bind with repressor and inactivated it.
(b) In the absence of lactose the repressor binds with the operator regions
(c) The z-gene codes for permease
(d) The i-gene codes for activator protein
The correct statements are:-

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

(a) & (b)

Option B ((a) & (b)) is correct because allolactose binds to and inactivates the repressor, and in the absence of lactose, the repressor binds to the operator region.

338 Medium

338 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion : Genetic code is universal.

Reason : Genetic code is same for all organisms.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

If both Assertion and Reason are true and
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Option A (If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion) is correct because the genetic code being universal means it's the same across all organisms.

339 Medium

339 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

During splicing of hnRNA, introns are removed by the help of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

An SnRNA and protein complex

Option B (An SnRNA and protein complex) is correct because snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins), which are complexes of snRNA and proteins, are responsible for splicing hnRNA.

340 Medium

340 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

Number of base pairs of DNA helix in a typical nucleosome?

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Correct option: A

200

Option A (200) is correct because a typical nucleosome contains approximately 200 base pairs of DNA.

341 Medium

341 of 388

Application +4 | -1

What will be the sequence of mRNA produced by the following stretch of DNA?
3’ ATGCATGCATGCATG 5’ Template strand
5’ TACGTACGTACGTAC 3’ Coding strand

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

5’ UACGUACGUACGUAC 3’

Option B (5’ UACGUACGUACGUAC 3’) is correct because the mRNA sequence will be the same as the coding strand, except that Thymine (T) is replaced by Uracil (U).

342 Hard

342 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

To which of the following repressor protein is attached

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Correct option: A

operator

Option A is correct because the repressor protein attaches to the operator region in the lac operon.

343 Medium

343 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Sickel – cell anemia is?

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Correct option: B

Caused by a change in a single base pair of DNA

Option B (Caused by a change in a single base pair of DNA) is correct because sickle cell anemia is caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the beta-globin gene.

344 Medium

344 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Select the correct statement regarding protein synthesis

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

When the small subunit of the ribosome encounters an mRNA the process of translation begins

Option A (When the small subunit of the ribosome encounters an mRNA the process of translation begins) is correct because the binding of the small ribosomal subunit to mRNA is the first step in translation.

345 Easy

345 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following mRNA can be transcripted as

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

AUG, UGA, UUU

Option A (AUG, UGA, UUU) is correct because AUG is a start codon, UGA is a stop codon, and UUU codes for an amino acid (phenylalanine), representing a possible transcript.

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346 Medium

346 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following is not applicable to genetic code?

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Correct option: B

Ambiguous

Option B (Ambiguous) is correct because the genetic code is specific, meaning each codon codes for only one amino acid, thus it is not ambiguous.

347 Easy

347 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

In human which chromosome has fewest number of genes?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Y-Chromosome

Option C (Y-Chromosome) is correct because the Y-chromosome has the fewest number of genes compared to other human chromosomes.

348 Medium

348 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

In E. Coli, the lac operon gets switched on when?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Lactose is present and it binds to the repressor

Option A (Lactose is present and it binds to the repressor) is correct because lactose, when present, binds to the repressor protein, preventing it from binding to the operator and allowing transcription to occur.

349 Easy

349 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineered living organism?

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Correct option: A

Recombinant DNA techniques

Option A is correct because recombinant DNA technology allows for the manipulation and insertion of genes into living organisms, enabling genetic engineering.

350 Medium

350 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

In Meselson and Stahl’s experiment using E. coliculture, the duration between the appearance of equal amount of light and hybrid DNA was
I. Two generation, II. 40 minutes, III. 20 minutes, IV. Three generation
Choose the correct option for given statement of question.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

I and II

Option A (I and II) is correct because the appearance of equal amounts of light and hybrid DNA occurs after one generation (20 minutes), and the second generation starts showing light DNA.

351 Medium

351 of 388

Analyzing +4 | -1

An E. coli cell with a mutated lac-z gene, due to which it is unable to synthesise the corresponding enzyme, is still growing in the nutrient medium. It indicates that medium is supplemented with energy source/enzyme

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Glucose

Option B (Glucose) is correct because if the mutated E. coli cannot synthesize β-galactosidase, it can still grow if provided with an alternative energy source like glucose.

352 Hard

352 of 388

Application +4 | -1

In sea urchin DNA, which is double stranded 17% of the bases were shown to be cytosine. The percentages of the other three bases expected to be present in this DNA are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

G – 17%, A – 33%, T – 33%

Option B (G – 17%, A – 33%, T – 33%) is correct because in double-stranded DNA, G=C and A=T. Since Cytosine is 17%, Guanine is also 17%. The remaining percentage is split equally between Adenine and Thymine.

353 Medium

353 of 388

Remembering +4 | -1

In a hair pin model of RNA, which nitrogen base is present at the short end?

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Correct option: B

Guanine

Option B (Guanine) is correct because Guanine is known to form stable base pairs in RNA hairpin loops.

354 Medium

354 of 388

Application +4 | -1

If the sequence of bases in one strand of DNA is ATGCATGCA, what would be the sequence of bases on complementary strand?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

TACGTACGT

Option C (TACGTACGT) is correct because DNA base pairing rules state that Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

355 Hard

355 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

What will be number of phosphodiester bonds in a 10 bp ds DNA molecule?

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Correct option: A

Option A is correct. A 10 bp ds DNA molecule has 20 nucleotides. Each nucleotide is linked by a phosphodiester bond, except for the terminal nucleotides on each strand, so there are 18 phosphodiester bonds.

356 Easy

356 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Which defines the position and presence of template and coding strands in transcription unit?

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Correct option: A

Promoter

Option A (Promoter) is correct because the promoter defines the position and presence of the template and coding strands in a transcription unit.

357 Hard

357 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Nonsense codons take part in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Termination gene message for polypeptide synthesis

Option B (Termination gene message for polypeptide synthesis) is correct because nonsense codons (stop codons) signal the termination of translation.

358 Easy

358 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

DNA fingerprinting is used for the following except

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Determining sex of child

Option A (Determining sex of child) is correct because DNA fingerprinting is not used to determine the sex of a child; other methods like karyotyping or PCR are used.

359 Easy

359 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion: DNA act as the genetic material in most of the organisms.

Reason: DNA is chemically and structurally a stable molecule; it has the power of replication.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion

Option A (If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion) is correct because DNA's stability and replication ability make it suitable as the genetic material.

360 Medium

360 of 388

Understanding +4 | -1

Choose the correct statements about biochemical characterisation of transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.

I. It was done by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty.

II. Scientists purified biochemicals (proteins, DNA, RNA, etc.) from heat killed S-cell.

III. It was seen that DNA alone from S-bacteria caused R-bacteria to become transformed.

IV. Proteases and RNases did not affect transformation.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All statements are correct

Option D (All statements are correct) is correct because all the statements accurately describe the biochemical characterization of the transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.

Revision notes and key takeaways

Review MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE in your textbook or class notes, then use this set to check your understanding.

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