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NEET • BIOLOGY • MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Molecular basis of inheritance practice · Medium

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181 Medium

181 of 201

Understanding +4 | -1

In Meselson and Stahl’s experiment using E. coliculture, the duration between the appearance of equal amount of light and hybrid DNA was
I. Two generation, II. 40 minutes, III. 20 minutes, IV. Three generation
Choose the correct option for given statement of question.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

I and II

Option A (I and II) is correct because the appearance of equal amounts of light and hybrid DNA occurs after one generation (20 minutes), and the second generation starts showing light DNA.

182 Medium

182 of 201

Analyzing +4 | -1

An E. coli cell with a mutated lac-z gene, due to which it is unable to synthesise the corresponding enzyme, is still growing in the nutrient medium. It indicates that medium is supplemented with energy source/enzyme

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Glucose

Option B (Glucose) is correct because if the mutated E. coli cannot synthesize β-galactosidase, it can still grow if provided with an alternative energy source like glucose.

183 Medium

183 of 201

Remembering +4 | -1

In a hair pin model of RNA, which nitrogen base is present at the short end?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Guanine

Option B (Guanine) is correct because Guanine is known to form stable base pairs in RNA hairpin loops.

184 Medium

184 of 201

Application +4 | -1

If the sequence of bases in one strand of DNA is ATGCATGCA, what would be the sequence of bases on complementary strand?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

TACGTACGT

Option C (TACGTACGT) is correct because DNA base pairing rules state that Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

185 Medium

185 of 201

Understanding +4 | -1

Choose the correct statements about biochemical characterisation of transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.

I. It was done by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty.

II. Scientists purified biochemicals (proteins, DNA, RNA, etc.) from heat killed S-cell.

III. It was seen that DNA alone from S-bacteria caused R-bacteria to become transformed.

IV. Proteases and RNases did not affect transformation.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All statements are correct

Option D (All statements are correct) is correct because all the statements accurately describe the biochemical characterization of the transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.

186 Medium

186 of 201

Remembering +4 | -1

In his bacteriophage experiments, Hershey and Chase demonstrated that DNA is genetic material in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

{T_2}

bacteriophage

Option C (

{T_2}

bacteriophage) is correct because Hershey and Chase used T2 bacteriophage in their experiments.

187 Medium

187 of 201

Application +4 | -1

If the DNA has 20% Adenine, then what is the % of Guanine?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

30\%

Option B (

30\%

) is correct because in DNA, A=T and G=C. If Adenine is 20%, Thymine is also 20%. The remaining 60% is split equally between Guanine and Cytosine.

188 Medium

188 of 201

Understanding +4 | -1

Number of ester bonds in a helics of B-DNA?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Option C (18) is correct because each nucleotide has one ester bond, and there are approximately 9-10 base pairs per turn in B-DNA, with each base pair having two ester bonds on the backbone, hence around 18.

189 Medium

189 of 201

Remembering +4 | -1

All of the given are stop codons, except

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

AUG

Option B (AUG) is correct because AUG is the start codon, while the others are stop codons.

190 Medium

190 of 201

Remembering +4 | -1

DNA fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some specific regions in DNA sequence, called as

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Repetitive DNA

Option D is correct because DNA fingerprinting relies on identifying differences in repetitive DNA sequences, also known as VNTRs or microsatellites.

191 Medium

191 of 201

Analyzing +4 | -1

While analysing the DNA of an organism a total number of
5386 nucleotides were found out of which the proportion of
different bases were Adenine = 29% Guanine = 17% Cytosine
= 32%, Thymine = 17%. Considering the Chargaffs rule it can
be concluded that

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

it is single-stranded DNA

Option B (it is single-stranded DNA) is correct because Chargaff's rules (A=T and G=C) do not hold true for the given nucleotide proportions, indicating that it is single-stranded DNA.

192 Medium

192 of 201

Understanding +4 | -1

In lac operon, when repressor protein binds to operator then

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter

Option B (RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter) is correct because the repressor protein physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter region.

193 Medium

193 of 201

Remembering +4 | -1

The scientists involved in discovery of DNA as chemical basis of heredity were

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Avery, Mac Leod and Mc Carty

Option C (Avery, Mac Leod and Mc Carty) is correct because they provided experimental evidence that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation, demonstrating it as the chemical basis of heredity.

194 Medium

194 of 201

Understanding +4 | -1

Chemically RNA is __(i)__ reactive and __(ii)__ stable as compared to DNA.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

i – More, ii – less

Option C (i – More, ii – less) is correct because RNA is more reactive due to the presence of the 2'-OH group and less stable compared to DNA.

195 Medium

195 of 201

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following process represents
the dominance of RNA world?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Splicing

Option C (Splicing) is correct because splicing, the removal of introns from pre-mRNA, is a process that highlights the catalytic role of RNA, supporting the RNA world hypothesis.

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196 Medium

196 of 201

Remembering +4 | -1

In Hershey and Chase experiment the viral DNA can be labelled with?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

{}^{32}P

Option A (

{}^{32}P

) is correct because DNA contains phosphorus, and

{}^{32}P

is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus that can be used to label DNA.

197 Medium

197 of 201

Application +4 | -1

There is a tRNA with anticodon UAC. If we apply the wobble hypothesis, then this tRNA can decode which
of these codons?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

It can decode AUG but not AUC, AUU and AUA

Option C (It can decode AUG but not AUC, AUU and AUA) is correct because, according to the wobble hypothesis, UAC can only decode AUG. The wobble base is the 3' base of the codon and the 5' base of the anticodon.

198 Medium

198 of 201

Application +4 | -1

If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 333 amino acids, and the base at position 901 is deleted such that the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Option D (33) is correct because the deletion shifts the reading frame, altering all codons from the point of deletion until the end of the mRNA. 998 - 900 = 98 bases. 98/3 = 32.66, rounded up to 33 codons.

199 Medium

199 of 201

Remembering +4 | -1

The DNA fragments separated on an agarose gel can be visualised after staining with

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Ethidium bromide

Option A is correct because ethidium bromide is the standard dye used to visualize DNA fragments in agarose gels, as it intercalates between DNA bases and fluoresces under UV light.

200 Medium

200 of 201

Application +4 | -1

ATCCAG DNA form which mRNA

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

UAGGUC

Option A (UAGGUC) is correct because in transcription, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A), cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).

201 Medium

201 of 201

Understanding +4 | -1

What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

The smaller the fragments size, the farther it moves

Option C (The smaller the fragments size, the farther it moves) is correct because smaller DNA fragments migrate faster and farther through the agarose gel matrix.

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