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NEET • BIOLOGY • MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Molecular basis of inheritance practice · Medium

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61 Medium
61 of 201
Application +4 | -1
In a DNA sample the proportion of A{A} is 17%17 \%, the amount of G+T{G}+{T} and C{C} will be respectively.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
50%50 \% and 33%33 \%
Option C (66% and 33%) is correct because according to Chargaff's rules, A=T and G=C. If A is 17%, then T is also 17%. Therefore, A+T = 34%, and G+C = 100% - 34% = 66%. Since G=C, then G=C=33%. Thus the amounts of G+T and C are 50% and 33% respectively.
62 Medium
62 of 201
Remembering +4 | -1
In gel electrophoresis, separated DNA fragments can be visualized with the help of
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Ethidium bromide in UV radiation
Option B is correct because ethidium bromide is used to stain DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis, and it fluoresces under UV radiation, allowing visualization.
63 Medium
63 of 201
Remembering +4 | -1
The human chromosome with the highest and least number of genes in them are respectively
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Chromosome 1 and Y
Option C (Chromosome 1 and Y) is correct because Chromosome 1 has the highest number of genes and Chromosome Y has the least.
64 Medium
64 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
One of the following is true, with respect to AUG
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
All of the above
Option D (All of the above) is correct because AUG codes for methionine, is an initiation codon, and does so in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
65 Medium
65 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
Which of the following cannot act as inducer?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
1 and 3
Option D (1 and 3) is correct because glucose generally causes catabolite repression, inhibiting the lac operon, and galactose is not the primary inducer of the lac operon; lactose or allolactose is.
66 Medium
66 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
A human gene product can be produced by genetically engineered bacteria. This is possible because the
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Genetic code is universal
Option A (Genetic code is universal) is correct because the universality of the genetic code allows human genes to be expressed in bacteria.
67 Medium
67 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
During replication of DNA, Okazaki fragments are formed in the direction of
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
5’→\to 3’
Option B (5’→\to 3’) is correct because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand, so Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
68 Medium
68 of 201
Application +4 | -1
If one strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base sequence as ATCTG, what would be the complementary RNA strand sequence?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
UAGAC
Option A (UAGAC) is correct because in RNA, Adenine pairs with Uracil, Thymine is replaced by Uracil, Cytosine pairs with Guanine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine. The complementary sequence is created by replacing each base with its pair.
69 Medium
69 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
The regions in chromatin which are lightly stained
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Correct option: D
Are transcriptionally active
Option D (Are transcriptionally active) is correct because lightly stained regions of chromatin, known as euchromatin, are less condensed and therefore more accessible for transcription.
70 Medium
70 of 201
Application +4 | -1
Suppose, evolution on earth had occurred in such a way that there are 96 amino acids instead of 20. DNA has 12 different types of bases and DNA synthesis occurs in the same way as today. The minimum number of bases per DNA codon would be
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
12
Option B (8) is incorrect. The correct answer is 2. With 12 bases, a codon size of 2 yields 12 * 12 = 144 combinations, which is sufficient to code for 96 amino acids.
71 Medium
71 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
In Lac operon, the product of ‘i’ gene binds to the operator
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
When bacterial cell has no lactose
Option B (When bacterial cell has no lactose) is correct because the repressor protein (product of 'i' gene) binds to the operator in the absence of lactose, preventing transcription.
72 Medium
72 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
Mutation is due to?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
all of these
Option D (all of these) is correct because mutations can arise from loss, gain, or change in a single base pair of DNA.
73 Medium
73 of 201
Remembering +4 | -1
Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
Option C (Denaturation, Annealing, Extension) is correct because this is the correct order of steps in a PCR cycle.
74 Medium
74 of 201
Analyzing +4 | -1
Assertion: In eukaryotes, the sequence of nucleotides of mRNA is same as that of template except for the difference of T and U.
Reason: In eukaryotes antisense strand is complementary to sense strand and mRNA is complementary to coding strand.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect
Option D (Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect) is correct because the mRNA sequence is complementary to the template strand (with U instead of T), and the antisense strand is the template strand, while mRNA is similar to the coding strand, but with U instead of T.
75 Medium
75 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
A bacterium grown over medium having radioactive 35S^{35}S incorporates radioactivity in
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Proteins
Option B (Proteins) is correct because sulfur is a component of some amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Therefore, a bacterium grown in a medium with radioactive 35S^{35}S will incorporate it into its proteins.
76 Medium
76 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
Which of the following is word as probe?
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Correct option: D
ss RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule
Option D (ss RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule) is correct because single-stranded RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule can be used as a probe to hybridize with complementary sequences.
77 Medium
77 of 201
Analyzing +4 | -1
What type of viruses are produced after the death of EE. coli, if a T2T_2 phage having radioactive sulfur infects bacteria growing on normal nutrient medium?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Non-radioactive capsid as well as genome
Option C (Non-radioactive capsid as well as genome) is correct because the E. coli are growing on a normal nutrient medium, so the newly synthesized viral components will not be radioactive.
78 Medium
78 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
In prokaryotes, the process of replication is catalysed by the following enzymes. Identify which of the enzymes is best coordinate with role.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Primase – Synthesises RNA primers
Option D is correct because Primase synthesizes RNA primers, which are essential for initiating DNA synthesis.
79 Medium
79 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
Choose the incorrect statement w.r.t. structure of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Adenine pairs with thymine by three hydrogen bonds and guanine pairs with cytosine by two hydrogen bonds
Option D is the incorrect statement because adenine pairs with thymine by two hydrogen bonds and guanine pairs with cytosine by three hydrogen bonds.
80 Medium
80 of 201
Application +4 | -1
One E.coli bacterium contains a hybrid DNA with one heavy N15\mathrm{N}^{15} strand and one light N14\mathrm{N}^{14} strand. It was allowed to replicate for 3 hours in a medium containing N15\mathrm{N}^{15}. What proportion of E.coli which will neither float nor sink in the test tube on ultra-centrifugation with CsCl\mathrm{CsCl} ?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
one out of 292^9
Option B (one out of 292^9) is correct because after 3 hours (9 generations), there will be 292^9 bacteria, and only the original hybrid DNA will remain hybrid, while all others will be 15N^{15}N DNA.
81 Medium
81 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
Which of the following is similar in DNA of elephant and mango tree
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Type of nucleotide
Option B (Type of nucleotide) is correct because all DNA, regardless of the organism, is composed of the same four types of nucleotides: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
82 Medium
82 of 201
Application +4 | -1
A DNA strand with the sequence AACGTAACG is transcribed. What is the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
UUGCAUUGC
Option B (UUGCAUUGC) is correct because during transcription, the mRNA sequence is complementary to the DNA template strand, with Uracil (U) replacing Thymine (T).
83 Medium
83 of 201
Remembering +4 | -1
In a DNA molecule, distance between two based is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
0.34 nm/3.4Å
Option D (0.34 nm/3.4Å) is correct because the distance between two adjacent base pairs in a DNA molecule is 0.34 nm or 3.4 Angstroms.
84 Medium
84 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
What is not true for genetic code?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
A codon in mRNA is read in a non – contiguous fashion
Option A (A codon in mRNA is read in a non – contiguous fashion) is correct because codons are read in a contiguous, or sequential, manner.
85 Medium
85 of 201
Remembering +4 | -1
The net electric charge on DNA and histones is?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Negative and Positive
Option C (Negative and Positive) is correct because DNA is negatively charged due to the phosphate groups, while histones are positively charged due to the presence of basic amino acids.
86 Medium
86 of 201
Application +4 | -1
To code 50 amino acids in a poly peptide chain what will be the minimum number of nucleotides in it’s cistron
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
306
Option D (300) is incorrect. The correct answer is 153, because each amino acid is coded by 3 nucleotides, and there must be a stop codon (3 nucleotides). Therefore, 50 * 3 + 3 = 153.
87 Medium
87 of 201
Remembering +4 | -1
If a DNA sequence is same as that of a mRNA copy that is translated into protein, it is called
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Sense
Option A (Sense) is correct because a sense sequence has the same sequence as the mRNA that is translated.
88 Medium
88 of 201
Analyzing +4 | -1
Choose the odd one w.r.t. requirement of DNA replication on template with polarity 3′→5′3^{\prime} \rightarrow 5^{\prime}.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
DNA ligase
Option A (DNA dependent RNA polymerase) is correct because DNA ligase is involved in joining DNA fragments, while DNA dependent RNA polymerase is not directly required for replication on a 3' to 5' template.
89 Medium
89 of 201
Application +4 | -1
How many amino acids will be present in a polypeptide chain when genetic information flows from the following stretch of DNA?

3' TACCATGC ATGCATC 5' Template strand

5' ATGCGTACG TACGTAG 3' Coding strand
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
4
Option B (4) is correct because the mRNA sequence transcribed from the template strand is 5' AUG CGU ACG UAC GUA 3', which codes for 4 amino acids (Met-Arg-Thr-Tyr).
90 Medium
90 of 201
Understanding +4 | -1
Statements
I. The four nucleotide bases are not necessarily present in DNA in exact equal
proportions.
II. The total amount of purines are equal to the total amount of pyrimidines.
III. DNA ligase enzyme act to hydrolyse or breakdown a polynucleotide chain into
its component nucleotides.
IV. Nuclease enzymes are capable of restoring an intact DNA duplex.
Of the above statements
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
I and II are correct but III and IV are wrong
Option D is correct because statements I and II are true according to Chargaff's rules, while statements III and IV are false regarding the function of DNA ligase and nucleases.
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