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NEET • BIOLOGY • MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Molecular basis of inheritance practice · Easy

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31 Easy

31 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

RNA acted upon by enzyme

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Ribonuclease

Option B (Ribonuclease) is correct because ribonuclease is an enzyme that specifically acts on RNA, catalyzing its degradation.

32 Easy

32 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

In human being, chromosome 1 has

\underline{A}

genes and

Y

has

\underline{B}

genes.

Select the option which correctly fills A and B.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

A-2968, B - 231

Option A is correct because chromosome 1 in humans has approximately 2968 genes, while the Y chromosome has approximately 231 genes.

33 Easy

33 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Separation of DNA fragments is done by a
technique known as

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Gel electrophoresis

Option A is correct because gel electrophoresis is the standard technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

34 Easy

34 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

For long, DNA molecules, the replication occurs within a small opening of the DNA helix reffered to as?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Replication fork

Option D (1 and 4) is correct because a homopolymer of U (UUU UUU UUU) will only produce one type of amino acid (phenylalanine), while a copolymer of CU can produce multiple codons (CUC, UCU, CUU, UCC) leading to a maximum of 4 different amino acids.

35 Easy

35 of 99

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There is no tRNA for codon which has sequence

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Correct option: C

UAA

Option C (UAA) is correct because UAA is a stop codon, and there is no tRNA that recognizes stop codons.

36 Easy

36 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

DNA replicates semiconservatively for this experimental proof which of the following scientist performed the experiment :

a. Matthew Meselson

\quad

b. Griffith

c. Colin Macleod

\quad

d. Martha Chase

\quad

e. Taylor

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

a, e

Option B (a, e) is correct because Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl proved that DNA replicates semiconservatively, and Taylor also conducted experiments related to DNA replication.

37 Easy

37 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Which form of RNA has a structure resembling clover leaf?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

t

RNA

Option D (

t

RNA) is correct because tRNA has a characteristic cloverleaf structure due to its secondary structure and intramolecular base pairing.

38 Easy

38 of 99

Analyzing +4 | -1

Given below is the percentage of nitrogenous bases present in four different samples of the genetic material. Identify, which sample belongs to an RNA virus

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Sample C : U – 32%, G – 23%, C – 23%, A – 32%

Option C (U – 32%, G – 23%, C – 23%, A – 32%) is correct because RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and the percentages of bases do not necessarily follow Chargaff's rules (A=T, G=C) as it is single-stranded.

39 Easy

39 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

A technique which uses electric field to separate negatively charged DNA molecules is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Electrophoresis

Option B is correct because electrophoresis uses an electric field to separate molecules based on their size and charge, with negatively charged DNA moving towards the positive electrode.

40 Easy

40 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following forms the basis of DNA finger printing?

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Correct option: B

Satellite DNA occurring as highly repeated short DNA segments.

Option B (Satellite DNA occurring as highly repeated short DNA segments) is correct because DNA fingerprinting relies on the variability in the number of short, repeated DNA sequences.

41 Easy

41 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Complete the analogy
DNA: Thymine:: RNA: __________

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Correct option: A

Uracil

Option A (Uracil) is correct because Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA.

42 Easy

42 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

Griffith injected a combination of live R-type and heat killed S-type Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice. During this experiment

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Living non-pathogenic cells had changed to virulent form

Option C (Living non-pathogenic cells had changed to virulent form) is correct because the live R-type bacteria were transformed into virulent S-type bacteria.

43 Easy

43 of 99

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Histones are

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Correct option: C

Basic proteins

Option C (Basic proteins) is correct because histones are rich in lysine and arginine, which are basic amino acids.

44 Easy

44 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Largest known human gene and number of bases

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Dystrophin,

2.4 \times 10^6

bases

Option D is correct because the largest known human gene is the dystrophin gene, which contains approximately 2.4 million bases.

45 Easy

45 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Initiation codon of protein synthesis (in eukaryotes) is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

AUG

Option D (AUG) is correct because AUG is the initiation codon for protein synthesis in eukaryotes.

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46 Easy

46 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Avery, Mc Carty and Macleod fractionated bacteria into

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

DNA, RNA and proteins

Option A (DNA, RNA and proteins) is correct because Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod fractionated bacteria into these three components.

47 Easy

47 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

Select the correct statements about sickle cell
anaemia.

(A) There is a change in gene for beta globin.

(B) In the beta globin, there is valine in the place of
Lysine.

(C) It is an example of point mutation.

(D) In the normal gene U is replaced by A.

Choose the correct answer from the options given
below:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

(A) and (C) only

Option D ((A) and (C) only) is correct because sickle cell anemia involves a change in the beta-globin gene and is an example of a point mutation.

48 Easy

48 of 99

Application +4 | -1

DNA consists of two complementary nucleotide chains. If the sequence of nucleotides in one of the chains is AGCTTCGA then the complementary sequence of the other chain will be

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

TCGAAGCT

Option A is correct. The complementary sequence is formed by replacing each base with its complement (A with T, G with C) and reversing the order.

49 Easy

49 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Who is credited for developing method for determination of amino acid sequences in proteins?

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Correct option: B

Frederick Sanger

Option B (Frederick Sanger) is correct because Frederick Sanger developed the method for determining amino acid sequences in proteins.

50 Easy

50 of 99

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A): DNA is store house generation of the other without any change or alternation
Reason (R): DNA is carrier of genetic information

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

A is false but R is true

Option C (A is false but R is true) is correct because DNA is not a static storehouse, it undergoes mutations, but it is indeed the carrier of genetic information.

51 Easy

51 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Which of the given nitrogenous bases is/are purine?
a. Cytosine b. Adenine c. Uracil d. Guanine

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both b and d

Option C (Both b and d) is correct because adenine and guanine are purines, while cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines.

52 Easy

52 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

DNA

dependent

DNA

polymerase

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Have absolute requirement for

3^{\prime} {OH}

end for polymerisation

Option A is correct because DNA polymerase requires a free 3' OH group to add nucleotides during polymerization.

53 Easy

53 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following is not an application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Purification of isolated protein

Option A (Purification of isolated protein) is correct because PCR is used to amplify DNA, not to purify proteins.

54 Easy

54 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

In history of biology, human genome project led to the development of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Bioinformatics

Option C (Bioinformatics) is correct because the Human Genome Project generated vast amounts of data, leading to the development of bioinformatics for data analysis and storage.

55 Easy

55 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Gene regulation in bacteria is shown by

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Jacob and Monod

Option C (It can decode AUG but not AUC, AUU and AUA) is correct because according to the wobble hypothesis, U in the anticodon can pair with A or G in the codon. Therefore, UAC can only decode AUG.

56 Easy

56 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

What is true about

t

RNA?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

It binds with an amino acid at its. 3’ end

Option A (It binds with an amino acid at its. 3’ end) is correct because tRNA binds to an amino acid at its 3' end, which is crucial for its role in translation.

57 Easy

57 of 99

Understanding +4 | -1

In eukaryotes the gene regulation could be exerted at four levels. Find the correct sequence of gene regulation
a. Transport of mRNA from nucleus to the cyloplasm.
b. Transcriptional level
c. Processing level.
d. Translational level

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

\mathrm{b} \rightarrow \mathrm{c} \rightarrow \mathrm{a} \rightarrow \mathrm{d}

Option B (b → c → a → d) is correct because gene regulation in eukaryotes occurs at the transcriptional level, processing level, mRNA transport level, and translational level, in that order.

58 Easy

58 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Histone octamer contains

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Eight histones of four different types

Option B (Eight histones of four different types) is correct because a histone octamer consists of two copies each of the four core histone proteins: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

59 Easy

59 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

A non-proteinaceous enzyme among the following is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Ribozymes

Option B (Ribozymes) is correct because ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as enzymes, and therefore are non-proteinaceous.

60 Easy

60 of 99

Remembering +4 | -1

Sigma factor is related to

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

RNA polymerase

Option A (RNA polymerase) is correct because the sigma factor is a subunit of RNA polymerase that helps in promoter recognition during transcription.

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