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NEET • BIOLOGY • EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Excretory products and their elimination practice · Medium

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61 Medium

61 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Ammonia produced by metabolism is convered into the …A… in the …B… in ureotelic and released into the blood, which is filtered and excreted out by …C… Choose the appropriate options for A, B and C to complete the given NCERT statement

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

A-urea, B-liver, C-kidney

Option C (A-urea, B-liver, C-kidney) is correct because ammonia is converted into urea in the liver, and then urea is filtered and excreted by the kidneys.

62 Medium

62 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Read the following statements

a. Glucose is partially absorbed in the PCT.

b. ADH helps in diluting the urine by acting on DCT and collecting ducts

c. In cortical nephrons, vasa recta are absent or highly reduced.

d. In a healthy person, 180 litre glomerular filtrate is formed per day by the kidney.

Which statements are incorrect w.r.t. a healthy adult human?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

a and b only

Option B (a and b only) is correct because glucose is completely reabsorbed in the PCT, and ADH concentrates urine, not dilutes it.

63 Medium

63 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Bowman’s capsule is found around

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Malpighian capsule

Option D (Malpighian capsule) is correct because Bowman's capsule is part of the Malpighian body (or renal corpuscle), which also includes the glomerulus.

64 Medium

64 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

If you take large amount of protein then you will likely to excrete large amount of the

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Correct option: B

Urea

Option B (Urea) is correct because excess protein intake leads to increased urea production in the liver.

65 Medium

65 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Blood leaving liver and going towards heart is rich in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Urea

Option B (Urea) is correct because the liver converts ammonia into urea, which is then released into the blood leaving the liver.

66 Medium

66 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Choose the correct option with respect to the maximum urea level

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Hepatic vein

Option B (Hepatic vein) is correct because the hepatic vein carries blood away from the liver after urea synthesis, resulting in the highest urea concentration.

67 Medium

67 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Counter check on RAAS is

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Correct option: B

ANF

Option B (ANF) is correct because ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) acts as a counter-regulatory mechanism to the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System).

68 Medium

68 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Choose the correct ones: I. Vasa recta is lacking in cortical nephrons, II. Maximum number of nephrons in kidney are juxta-medullary type, III. DCT of many nephorns open into collecting tubule, IV. During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed, V. When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed, VI. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release, VII. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II. The correct option is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All except II and VI

Option D is correct because statements II and VI are incorrect. Maximum nephrons are cortical, and cold temperature stimulates ADH release.

69 Medium

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Remembering +4 | -1

Columns of Bertini in Kidney are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Extensions of cortex in between the medullary pyramids

Option C (Extensions of cortex in between the medullary pyramids) is correct because Columns of Bertin are extensions of the renal cortex that extend between the medullary pyramids.

70 Medium

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Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion: Medullary interstial fluids are highly concentrated
Reason: Water reabsorbed from descending limb of Henle’s loop enters into the vasa recta

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

A and R are correct, but R is not correct explanation for A

Option B (A and R are correct, but R is not correct explanation for A) is correct because both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason doesn't directly explain why the medullary interstitial fluid is highly concentrated. The concentration gradient is primarily established by the countercurrent multiplier system involving the loop of Henle and vasa recta.

71 Medium

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Understanding +4 | -1

Characteristics common in frog and human are:  I. Internal fertilisation,  II. Nucleated RBC,  III. Four chamber heart,  IV. Ureotelic excretion,  V. Lungs are organ of respiration.  The correct option is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Only IV

Option D (Only IV) is correct because both frogs and humans excrete urea (ureotelic excretion).

72 Medium

72 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion: Presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus
Reason: Malfunctioning of kidney can lead to accumulation of urea in blood a condition called uraemia.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion

Option B is correct. Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. Glucose and ketone bodies in urine indicate diabetes, and kidney malfunction leads to uremia, but they are separate issues.

73 Medium

73 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Choose the incorrect statement.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Patients suffering from glomerulonephritis will show low GFR

Option B is the incorrect statement. Patients suffering from glomerulonephritis will show *low* GFR is actually a *correct* statement. Glomerulonephritis damages the glomeruli, reducing their filtering capacity and thus lowering GFR.

74 Medium

74 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Which one of the following groups of structures/organs have similar function?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Nephridia in earthworm, Malpighian tubules in cockroach and uriniferous tubules in rat

Option B is correct because nephridia, Malpighian tubules, and uriniferous tubules all function in excretion.

75 Medium

75 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Functions of ADH:  I. reabsorption of water from distal tubules,  II. secretion of water from distal tubules,  III. constriction of blood vessels,  IV. dilatation of blood vessels , V. increase the blood flow,  VI. decrease the blood flow.   Choose the correct combination of given functions from given option

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

I, III and V

Option C (I, III and V) is correct because ADH promotes water reabsorption from distal tubules, constricts blood vessels, and increases blood flow.

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76 Medium

76 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

The process of excretion is the

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Removal of metabolic waste from the body

Option B is correct because excretion is specifically the removal of metabolic waste products from the body, not just any substance.

77 Medium

77 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

I. Ureter, II. Renal pelvis, III. Calyx, IV. Urinary bladder, V. Urethra
Choose the correct sequence of urine route to outside

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

\mathrm{III} \to \mathrm{II} \to \mathrm{I} \to \mathrm{IV} \to \mathrm{V}

Option D (

\mathrm{III} \to \mathrm{II} \to \mathrm{I} \to \mathrm{IV} \to \mathrm{V}

) is correct because it represents the correct order of urine flow: Calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra.

78 Medium

78 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A): Conditional reabsorption of

N{a^ + }

and water takes place in Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT).
Reason (R): The DCT allows passive absorption of

N{a^ + }

and active absorption of

C{l^ - }

along with water.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

If A is true, but R is false

Option C (If A is true, but R is false) is correct because conditional reabsorption of

Na^+

and water does occur in the DCT, but the DCT does not allow passive absorption of

Na^+

and active absorption of

Cl^-

along with water.

79 Medium

79 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Sweat produced by sweat glands is a watery fluid which contain

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All of the above

Option D (All of the above) is correct because sweat contains NaCl, urea, and lactic acid.

80 Medium

80 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

I. ADH,   II. Renin-angiotensin,  III. ANF,   IV. Counter – current mechanism.  Choose the option  which regulates the osmoregulation of body fluids?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All of the above

Option D (All of the above) is correct because ADH, the Renin-angiotensin system, ANF, and the counter-current mechanism all play significant roles in regulating the osmolality and volume of body fluids.

81 Medium

81 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

In juxta-medullary nephrons,

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All of the above

Option D (All of the above) is correct because juxta-medullary nephrons have a prominent vasa recta, a long loop of Henle, and the loop of Henle extends deep into the medulla, all contributing to efficient urine concentration.

82 Medium

82 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

During hemodialysis process:  I. blood drained from a convenient artery and anticoagulant is added (heparin,  II. removal of nitrogenous waste from blood,  III. blood is passed through a coiled porous cellophane membrane of tube bathing in dialysis fluid, IV. blood is mixed with antiheparin and passed into vein.   Arrange the steps

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

I→III→II→IV

Option C (I→III→II→IV) is correct because this is the correct sequence of steps in the hemodialysis process.

83 Medium

83 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

The vital morphological and physiological units of mammalian kidney are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Uriniferous tubule

Option B (Uriniferous tubule) is correct because the uriniferous tubule (nephron + collecting duct) is the functional unit of the mammalian kidney responsible for urine formation.

84 Medium

84 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

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Correct option: C

Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules

Option C is correct because approximately 99% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules, ensuring that essential substances and water are returned to the bloodstream.

85 Medium

85 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

In human, the waste products of nucleotide metabolism are excreted as

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Uric acid

Option B (Uric acid) is correct because the breakdown of nucleotides (components of DNA and RNA) results in the production of uric acid as a waste product in humans.

86 Medium

86 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Which of the following is not
“autoexcitable”?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

ANF

Option D (ANF) is correct because ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) is a hormone, not an autoexcitable tissue like the SAN, AVN, and AV bundle.

87 Medium

87 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

When a person is suffering from poor renal reabsorption, which one of the following will not help in maintenance of blood volume?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Increased arterial pressure in kidneys.

Option C (Increased arterial pressure in kidneys) is correct because increased arterial pressure would worsen poor renal reabsorption by increasing glomerular filtration rate and fluid loss.

88 Medium

88 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion: An increase in glomerular blood pressure can activate the JG cells of kidney to release renin

Reason: Angiotensin- II is a powerful vasoconstrictor.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Assertion is false but reason is true.

Option D is correct because the assertion is false (decreased blood pressure activates JG cells) and the reason is true (Angiotensin-II is a vasoconstrictor).

89 Medium

89 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Glomerular Filtration is a

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Non energy consuming process

Option C (Non energy consuming process) is correct because glomerular filtration is primarily driven by pressure gradients and does not directly require cellular energy expenditure.

90 Medium

90 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Collecting duct of nephron extends in kidney from cortex to

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Inner part of medulla

Option B is correct because the collecting duct extends from the cortex through the medulla to the inner part of the medulla.

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