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NEET • BIOLOGY • EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Excretory products and their elimination practice · Hard

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Showing 1-30 of 35 questions

1 Hard

1 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

Renin is secreted by:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Macula densa of DCT

Option D (Macula densa of DCT) is correct because renin is secreted by the macula densa cells located in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).

2 Hard

2 of 35

Application +4 | -1

In a person, the nephrons receive around

1200\, \mathrm{~mL}

of blood per minute, whereas the glomerular filtration rate is

125\, \mathrm{~mL} / \mathrm{min}

. What would be the renal plasma flow (

RPF

) and filtration fraction (

FF

) in such a person?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

{RPF}=660 \,\mathrm{~mL}, {FF} \simeq 18

\,

per cent

Option D (

{RPF}=660 \,\mathrm{~mL}, {FF} \simeq 18

\,\mathrm{per\,cent}

) is correct because renal plasma flow is calculated by assuming hematocrit is about 45%, and filtration fraction is GFR/RPF.

3 Hard

3 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following is the ultimate method of the correction of renal failure?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Kidney transplant

Option A (Kidney transplant) is correct because a kidney transplant is the ultimate method for correcting renal failure, as it replaces the non-functioning kidney with a healthy one.

4 Hard

4 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Juxta-medullary nephrons can be differentiated from cortical nephrons on the basis of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Vasa recta

Option B (Vasa recta) is correct because juxta-medullary nephrons have well-developed vasa recta that run parallel to the long loops of Henle, while cortical nephrons have absent or highly reduced vasa recta.

5 Hard

5 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following statements are correct?

A. An increase in body fluid can switch off the osmoreceptors.

B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis.

C. ANF causes vasodilation.

D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure.

E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

A, B, C and D only

The correct answer is A (A, B, C and D only) because all these statements are correct regarding kidney function regulation except E, which states ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.

6 Hard

6 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion: PCT reabsorbs 70 – 80% electrolytes & water
Reason: PCT is lined with brush bordered cuboidal epithelium

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

A and R are correct R is correct explanation for A

Option A (A and R are correct R is correct explanation for A) is correct because the PCT reabsorbs a large amount of electrolytes and water due to its brush-bordered cuboidal epithelium, which increases surface area for reabsorption.

7 Hard

7 of 35

Analyzing +4 | -1

I. Reabsorption of water occurs passively in the initial segment of nephron,  II. Nitrogenous waste are absorbed by active transport,  III. Conditional reabsorption of

N{a^ + }

and water takes place in DCT,  IV. DCT reabsorbs glucose,  V. DCT is capable of selective secretion of

{H^ + }

{K^ + }

and

N{H_3}

to maintain pH and

N{a^ + }

{K^ + }

balance in blood, VI. Substances like glucose, amino acids,

N{a^ + }

, etc, in the filtrate are reabsorbed actively.   Choose the option with incorrect statements

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

II and IV

Option D is correct because statements II and IV are incorrect. Nitrogenous wastes are not absorbed, and glucose is not reabsorbed in the DCT.

8 Hard

8 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

Which of the following is uricotelic

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All

Option D (All) is correct because insects, birds, and lizards all excrete uric acid as their primary nitrogenous waste product, making them uricotelic.

9 Hard

9 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Read the following statements and choose the option with only correct statements.

a. The outer layer of kidney is a tough capsule.

b. Capsule divides kidney into outer cortex and inner medulla.

c. Medulla is divided into medullary pyramids by invagination of cortex into medulla.

d. Calyces project into medullary pyramids.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

a and c

Option D is correct because the outer layer of the kidney is indeed a tough capsule, and the medulla is divided into medullary pyramids by invaginations of the cortex.

10 Hard

10 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Urine formed by nephornes is ultimately carried to …A… where it is stored till a voluntary signal is given by the …B… . This signal is initiated by …C… of urinary bladder as it gets filled with urine. Choose the correct option for A, B and C to complete the given NCERT statement

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

A-urinary bladder, B-CNS, C-stretching

Option B is correct because urine is stored in the urinary bladder until a signal from the CNS is triggered by the stretching of the bladder walls.

11 Hard

11 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Following are the steps of dialysis.

(a) Blood is passed into a vein.

(b) Blood is mixed with heparin.

(c) Blood is mixed with anti-heparin.

(d) Blood is drained from convenient artery.

(e) Blood is passed through a coiled and porous cellophane tube bathing in dialysing fluid.

(f) Removal of nitrogenous wastes from blood.

Their correct order is:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

(d) → (b) → (e) → (f) → (c) → (a)

Option B ((d) → (b) → (e) → (f) → (c) → (a)) is correct because it represents the correct sequence of steps in dialysis, starting with draining blood from an artery and ending with returning it to a vein.

12 Hard

12 of 35

Analyzing +4 | -1

Given below are two statements : one is labelled
as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason
(R).

Assertion (A): Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and
further to angiotensin II which increase G.F.R.

Reason (R): Anigotensin II, Increase the glomerular blood pressure
and also activate the adrenal medulla to release
aldosterone and there by G.F.R.

Choose the correct answer from the options given
below:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II, which increases GFR, but the reason incorrectly states that Angiotensin II activates the adrenal medulla.

13 Hard

13 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

Which part of the nephron is situated in the cortex completely?

(a) Malpighian corpuscle

(b) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

(c) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

(d) Loop of Henle

(e) Collecting duct

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

(a), (b) and (c)

Option A ((a), (b) and (c)) is correct because the Malpighian corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are all located entirely within the cortex of the kidney.

14 Hard

14 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following set of structures are not parts of renal tubule?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Glomerulus and Collecting duct

Option D (Glomerulus and Collecting duct) is correct because the glomerulus is a capillary network involved in filtration, and the collecting duct is part of the collecting system, not the renal tubule itself.

15 Hard

15 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

The production of uric acid is enhanced by the excessive metabolism of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Nucleic acid

Option B (Nucleic acid) is correct because the metabolism of nucleic acids produces purines and pyrimidines, which are broken down into uric acid.

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16 Hard

16 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following hormone/enzyme is/are correctly paired with its function?
(i) Renin – Enzyme that catalyses the formation of angiotensin I.
(ii) Aldosterone – Regulates water reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule.
(iii) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) – It is a powerful vasoconstrictor that stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.
(iv) Angiotensin II – Promotes reabsorption of sodium at distal convoluted tubule.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Only (i)

The correct answer is A (Only (i)) because only the statement about Renin is correctly paired with its function. The other statements contain inaccuracies.

17 Hard

17 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

[A]: Oxygenator acts as artificial kidney.

[R]: Oxygenator machine completely takes over the functions of heart as well as lung.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Both A and R are false

Option D is correct. An oxygenator acts as an artificial lung, not kidney, and doesn't completely take over heart functions.

18 Hard

18 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

Which of the following are about 90% absorbed in the nephron?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Glucose and amino acids - Active process

Option A (Glucose and amino acids - Active process) is correct because glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed via active transport mechanisms in the proximal convoluted tubule.

19 Hard

19 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

[A]: Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.

[R]: Homeostasis involves the coordination of cells, tissues and organ systems.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

Option B (Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A) is correct because both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason doesn't directly explain the assertion. Homeostasis is maintained by multiple organ systems working together, but the coordination is not the *only* reason for homeostasis.

20 Hard

20 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

What is true of urea biosynthesis?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Urea cycle enzymes are located inside mitochondria

Option C (Urea cycle enzymes are located inside mitochondria) is correct because the urea cycle, which synthesizes urea, occurs within the mitochondria and cytoplasm of liver cells.

21 Hard

21 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Which one of the following four secretions is correctly matched with its source, target and nature of action?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Secretion : Atrial Natriuretic Factor , Source : Sino Atrial Node M-cells of atria, Target: Juxtaglomeru-lar apparatus , Action: Inhibition of release of renin

Option D (Secretion : Atrial Natriuretic Factor , Source : Sino Atrial Node M-cells of atria, Target: Juxtaglomeru-lar apparatus , Action: Inhibition of release of renin) is correct because ANF, produced by the heart, inhibits renin release from the kidneys.

22 Hard

22 of 35

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A): Human kidneys can produce urine nearly two times concentrated than the initial filtrate formed.

Reason (R): Counter current mechanism doesn’t help to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Assertion (A) is false, and Reason (R) is true

Option C (Assertion (A) is true, and Reason (R) is false) is correct because human kidneys can produce urine about four times concentrated than the initial filtrate, but the countercurrent mechanism *does* help maintain the concentration gradient.

23 Hard

23 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

A patient who excretes large quantity of sodium in urine has

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Diseased adrenal cortex

Option B (Diseased adrenal cortex) is correct because the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, which regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Damage to the adrenal cortex can lead to excessive sodium excretion in the urine.

24 Hard

24 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

In which of the following options minimum content of urea is present?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Renal vein

Option C is correct because the renal vein carries blood away from the kidneys after urea has been filtered out, resulting in the lowest urea concentration.

25 Hard

25 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

What is most likely the cause of albumin appearing in urine?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Damage to the Malpighian corpuscles

Option C (Damage to the Malpighian corpuscles) is correct because the Malpighian corpuscles (glomeruli) are responsible for filtering blood, and damage to them can allow albumin (a protein) to pass into the urine.

26 Hard

26 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

In man, in which part of the uriniferous tubule reabsorption of glucose occurs?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Proximal convoluted tubule

Option D (Proximal convoluted tubule) is correct because the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the primary site for reabsorption of glucose in the nephron.

27 Hard

27 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

In insects, the removal of nitrogenous wastes and osmoregulation occurs by

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Malpighian tubules

Option C (Malpighian tubules) is correct because these are the excretory organs in insects, responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes and osmoregulation.

28 Hard

28 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Statement - A: Kidneys filter about 1/5th of cardiac output per minute.

Statement - B: Glomerular filtration rate is nearly 1/5th of renal plasma flow.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both statements are correct

Option A is correct because both statements accurately describe the kidney's filtration capacity: it filters about 1/5 of the cardiac output per minute, and the glomerular filtration rate is about 1/5 of the renal plasma flow.

29 Hard

29 of 35

Remembering +4 | -1

Simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium lines

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

PCT

Option A (PCT) is correct because the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium with a brush border to increase the surface area for reabsorption.

30 Hard

30 of 35

Understanding +4 | -1

Statement - A: The principal nitrogenous waste in humans is synthesized in the liver.

Statement - B: During summer when body loses lots of water by evaporation, the release of

A D H

is supressed.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Only statement A is correct

The correct answer is C (Only statement A is correct) because the principal nitrogenous waste in humans (urea) is synthesized in the liver, while ADH release is stimulated, not suppressed, during dehydration.

Revision notes and key takeaways

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Key Takeaways

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