Is triggered when juxta-glomerular cells of JGA releases renin in response to various stimuli

Is responsible for regulation of kidney function

Is a powerful mechanism responsible for regulation of functioning of heart

$92\% $ water and $8\% $ salts.

$90\% $ water, $8\% $ uric acid and $2\% $ proteins.

Is responsible for the storage of nutrients such as glycogen

Concentrates the urine by actively transporting water out of the filtrate

Responds to antidiuretic hormone by increasing urine output

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NEET • BIOLOGY • EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Excretory products and their elimination practice · Medium

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Showing 1-30 of 129 questions

1 Medium

1 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Human kidneys can produce urine nearly _____ times concentrated than the initial filtrate formed.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Option B (4) is correct because human kidneys can concentrate urine approximately four times more than the initial filtrate.

2 Medium

2 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by …A… (A fine branch of renal artery). Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an …B…
Select the correct option for A and B to complete the given NCERT statement

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

A-afferent atriole, B-efferent atriole

Option D is correct because the glomerulus is formed by the afferent arteriole, and blood is carried away by the efferent arteriole.

3 Medium

3 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

In the glomerulus of the nephron, the afferent arteriole is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Wider than efferent arteriole

Option B (Wider than efferent arteriole) is correct because the afferent arteriole needs to have a larger diameter to create the necessary hydrostatic pressure for glomerular filtration.

4 Medium

4 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Loss of water from the body occurs by all of the following except

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

muscles

Option A (muscles) is correct because muscles do not directly contribute to water loss from the body, while lungs, kidneys, and skin do.

5 Medium

5 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Hemodialysis is most commonly used for treating

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Correct option: B

Uremia

Option B is correct because hemodialysis is a common treatment for uremia, helping to remove waste products from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.

6 Medium

6 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Haematuria means

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

RBCs in the urine

Option A is correct because hematuria is the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine.

7 Medium

7 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Urine is yellow in colour, due to

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Urochrome

Option C is correct because the micturition reflex is the neural pathway that triggers the release of urine from the bladder.

8 Medium

8 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

NaCl is returned to interstitium by

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Ascending limb of vasa recta

Option C (Ascending limb of vasa recta) is correct because the ascending limb of the vasa recta carries blood away from the medulla, picking up NaCl that was reabsorbed from the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.

9 Medium

9 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Human sweat is a watery fluid containing

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Correct option: D

All of these

Option D is correct because human sweat contains NaCl, urea, and lactic acid.

10 Medium

10 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

An organism which don’t have loop of Henle will excrete

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Dilute urine

Option B (Dilute urine) is correct because the loop of Henle is responsible for concentrating urine.

11 Medium

11 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Identify the true statements and choose the correct option accordingly
I. Blood vessel leading to the glomerulus is called efferent arteriole
II. Vasa-recta, peritubular capillaries and glomerulus, all have blood
III. Cortical nephrons have highly reduced vasa-recta
IV. Vasa-recta runs parallel to the Henle’s loop in the juaxta-medullary nephron

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

II, III and IV

Option D (II, III and IV) is correct because vasa recta, peritubular capillaries, and glomerulus all contain blood, cortical nephrons have reduced vasa recta, and vasa recta runs parallel to Henle's loop in juxtamedullary nephrons.

12 Medium

12 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Urea synthesis occurs in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Liver

Option B (Liver) is correct because the urea cycle, which synthesizes urea, occurs in the liver.

13 Medium

13 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

RAAS

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Both (a) and (b)

The correct answer is D (Both (a) and (b)) because RAAS is triggered by renin release from JGA cells and is responsible for regulating kidney function.

14 Medium

14 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Urine is concentrated in which part of nephron

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Option A is correct because urine is concentrated in the collecting tubule (CT) due to the countercurrent mechanism.

15 Medium

15 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Select the odd one w.r.t regulation by Renin-angiotensin system

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

ANF

The correct answer is B (ANF) because ANF acts antagonistically to the Renin-Angiotensin system, decreasing blood pressure, while the others are components of the RAAS system which increases blood pressure.

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16 Medium

16 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Ketones

Option B (Ketones) is correct because during prolonged fasting, the body breaks down fats for energy, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted in the urine.

17 Medium

17 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion : Ultrafiltration takes place in presence of effective filtration pressure.

Reason : In ultrafiltration process, blood is filtered in Bowman's capsule, filtered fluid contain protein

\&

blood corpuscles also.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

If Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Option C (If Assertion is true but Reason is false) is correct because ultrafiltration does occur due to effective filtration pressure, but the filtrate in Bowman's capsule does not contain proteins and blood corpuscles.

18 Medium

18 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

The following statements are for a retroperitoneal organ located between last thoracic and the third lumbar vertebra. Choose the statement which is incorrect for this organ

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea here and retained in
medulla to maintain desired osmolarity of body fluids

Option C (Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea here and retained in medulla to maintain desired osmolarity of body fluids) is correct because the liver, not the kidney, converts ammonia to urea.

19 Medium

19 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Ammonia is converted into urea in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Liver

Option C (Liver) is correct because the urea cycle, which converts ammonia to urea, takes place in the liver.

20 Medium

20 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Read the following statement and choose the option that correctly fills the blank. Small amounts of urea could be eliminated through ______.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Saliva

Option B (Saliva) is correct because small amounts of urea can be eliminated through saliva.

21 Medium

21 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Human urine contains

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

95\%

water, 

2) 2\%

urea,

2\%

salts and some uric acid.

Option A (

95\%

water, 

2) 2\%

urea,

2\%

salts and some uric acid) is correct as it represents the approximate composition of human urine.

22 Medium

22 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

What is the obligatory water reabsorption?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both (a) and (b)

Option C is correct because obligatory water reabsorption, which occurs regardless of hydration status, takes place in both the PCT and the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

23 Medium

23 of 129

Remembering +4 | -1

Kidney stones are produced due to deposition of uric acid and

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Calcium oxalate

Option D is correct because kidney stones are commonly composed of calcium oxalate, along with other minerals and uric acid.

24 Medium

24 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

If one liter of water is introduced in human blood, then

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

RBC collapses and urine production increases

Option B (RBC collapses and urine production increases) is correct because introducing a large amount of water into the blood will decrease its osmolarity, causing water to enter red blood cells (RBCs) and potentially causing them to burst (hemolysis), and the kidneys will increase urine production to remove the excess water.

25 Medium

25 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

The human kidney

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Produces more dilute urine when the collection ducts become less permeable to water

Option C (Produces more dilute urine when the collection ducts become less permeable to water) is correct because reduced water permeability in the collecting ducts results in less water reabsorption and more dilute urine.

26 Medium

26 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Henle’s loop of nephron plays a significant role in maintaining a high osmolarity in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Medullary interstitial fluid

Option B (Medullary interstitial fluid) is correct because the Loop of Henle creates and maintains a high solute concentration in the medullary interstitial fluid, which is essential for water reabsorption and urine concentration.

27 Medium

27 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

Malfunctioning of kidneys may lead to a condition called uremia in which

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Urea is accumulated in blood

Option C (Urea is accumulated in blood) is correct because uremia is specifically the condition where urea accumulates in the blood due to malfunctioning kidneys.

28 Medium

28 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Read the given statements

A : Secretions of JGA eventually result in constriction of efferent arteriole, thereby increasing GFR.

B : Sympathetic stimulation leads to constriction of afferent arteriole leading to fall in GFR.

Select the correct option.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both statements A

\&

B are correct

Option C is correct because both statements A and B accurately describe the effects of JGA secretions and sympathetic stimulation on GFR.

29 Medium

29 of 129

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion: The JGA plays a complex regulatory role.

Reason: An increase in glomerular blood flow / GFR can activate JG cells to release rennin.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Assertion is true but reason is false.

Option C is correct because the assertion is true (JGA plays a regulatory role) but the reason is false (decreased blood flow activates JG cells).

30 Medium

30 of 129

Understanding +4 | -1

The characteristic that is shared by urea, uric acid and ammonia is/are:  I. They are nitrogenous wastes.  II They all need very large amount of water for excretion  III.They are all equally toxic. IV. They are equal in amount.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

I only

Option D (I only) is correct because urea, uric acid, and ammonia are all nitrogenous wastes, but they differ in toxicity and water requirements.

Revision notes and key takeaways

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Key Takeaways

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