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NEET • BIOLOGY • EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION
Excretory products and their elimination practice · Medium
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31
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Remembering
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Marine teleost fishes excrete
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
None of these
Option D (None of these) is correct because marine teleost fishes primarily excrete ammonia, but they also excrete some urea and other nitrogenous wastes depending on their environment and physiological state.
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Understanding
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Choose the correct option from given statement I. Glomerular filtrationrate is 125 mL/min II. Ultrafiltration is opposed by colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma III. Tubular secretion takes place in loop in Henle IV. Tubular secretion takes place in glomerulus V. Aldosterone induces greater sodium reabsorption . The correct option is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
I, II and V
Option C (I, II and V) is correct because glomerular filtration rate is 125 mL/min, ultrafiltration is opposed by colloidal osmotic pressure, and aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption.
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Understanding
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Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?
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Correct option: D
When someone drinks lot of water ADH release is stopped
The correct answer is D (When someone drinks lot of water ADH release is stopped) because ADH release is inhibited by increased blood volume and decreased blood osmolarity.
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Understanding
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Which of the following features activates the JG cells? I. Fall in GBR, II. Fall in GBF, III. Fall in GFR. Choose the correct option
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
I, II and III
The correct answer is D (I, II and III) because a fall in Glomerular Blood pressure (GBR), Glomerular Blood Flow (GBF), and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) all activate the JG cells to release renin.
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Analyzing
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Due to insufficient filtration in the Bowman's capsule, all are likely to happen except:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Increase in blood urea level
Option D is correct. Insufficient filtration in Bowman's capsule would lead to loss of essential substances, not an increase in blood urea level.
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36 of 129
Remembering
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The neural mechanism of micturition is called
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Micturition reflex
Option A (Micturition reflex) is correct because the neural mechanism controlling urination is specifically termed the micturition reflex.
37
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Remembering
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Vasa recta is minute vessel of Peritubular capillaries network, which is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Running parallel to loop of Henle
Option B (Running parallel to loop of Henle) is correct because vasa recta are specialized peritubular capillaries that run parallel to the loop of Henle in the medulla.
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Understanding
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The outline of principal event of urination is given below in unorder manne : I. Stretch receptors on the wall of urinary bladder send signal to the CNS, II. The bladder fills with urine and becomes distended, III. Micturition, IV. CNS passes on motor messenger to initiate the contraction smooth muscles of bladder and simultaneous relaxation of urethral sphincter. The correct order of steps for urination is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
II→I→IV→III
Option A (II→I→IV→III) is correct because it represents the correct sequence of events in urination: bladder fills, stretch receptors send signals, CNS initiates contraction and relaxation, and finally, micturition occurs.
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Understanding
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Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
the filteration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule
Option D is correct because the Bowman's capsule is where the filtration of blood occurs, forming the glomerular filtrate.
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Understanding
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If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
The urine will be more dilute
Option B (The urine will be more dilute) is correct because the loop of Henle is crucial for creating the concentration gradient in the medulla, which is necessary for concentrating urine.
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Understanding
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Complete the analogy. Increases blood pressure : Renin :: Decreases blood pressure : ________
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Atrial natriuretic peptide
The correct answer is C (Atrial natriuretic peptide) because ANP decreases blood pressure, acting in opposition to renin which increases blood pressure.
42
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Analyzing
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Assertion: Filtration is a selective process performed by the glomerulus using the glomerular capillary blood
pressure.
Reason: Blood is filtered through fine pores present in PCT
pressure.
Reason: Blood is filtered through fine pores present in PCT
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
If both the assertion and reason are false
Option D (If both the assertion and reason are false) is correct because filtration is a non-selective process and blood is filtered through fine pores present in the glomerulus, not PCT.
43
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Remembering
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Juxta glomerular apparatus is modification in the
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Afferent atriole and DCT
Option B (Afferent atriole and DCT) is correct because the juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed by the modification of cells in the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
44
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Remembering
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The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood which is carried out by the
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Glomerulus
Option C (Glomerulus) is correct because the glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs due to high hydrostatic pressure.
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Remembering
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What is meant by glycosuria
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Presence of glucose in urine
Option A (Presence of glucose in urine) is correct because glycosuria specifically refers to the presence of glucose in the urine.
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46 of 129
Analyzing
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A person was advised to do urine tests and a blood tests for glucose. Glucose was detected in his urine. He
was not taking any medications. Which of the following values will correspond to the amount of glucose in
the blood of a person?
was not taking any medications. Which of the following values will correspond to the amount of glucose in
the blood of a person?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
200 mg of glucose per 100 ml of blood
Option A is correct. A glucose level of 200 mg/100 ml in blood, along with glucose in urine, strongly suggests diabetes mellitus.
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Understanding
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Out of the four parts given below, which parts play significant role in forming concentrated urine in human? I. Loop of Henle , II. Glomerulus, III. Bowman’s capsule, IV. Vasa recta. The correct option is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
I and IV
Option D (I and IV) is correct because the Loop of Henle establishes the concentration gradient in the medulla, and the Vasa recta maintains this gradient, both of which are crucial for concentrating urine.
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Analyzing
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A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
More sodium in his urine
Option A is correct. During starvation, the body breaks down its own tissues, leading to increased sodium excretion in urine.
49
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Understanding
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Reabsorption of the filtrate in the renal tubules takes place by
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Either (a) or (b)
Option C is correct because reabsorption in the renal tubules can occur through both active transport (requiring energy) and passive transport (not requiring energy).
50
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Remembering
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The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
proximal convoluted tubule
Option C (proximal convoluted tubule) is correct because the PCT is the primary site for active reabsorption of sodium ions.
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Understanding
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Which one of the following statements is false?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Presence of excess urea in blood is uremia
Option C (Presence of ketone sugar in urine is Ketonuria) is correct because it is false. Ketonuria is the presence of ketone bodies, not ketone sugar, in the urine.
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Remembering
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Renin is secreted from
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Juxtaglomerular cells
Option A (Juxtaglomerular cells) is correct because renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
53
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Remembering
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Renal calculi is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Insoluble mass of proteins in kidney
Option D is correct because renal calculi are insoluble masses of crystallized salts, such as calcium oxalate, that form in the kidneys.
54
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Remembering
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The ascending and descending limb of Henle’s loop is a respectively lined by
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Cuboidal epithelium, sequamous epithelium
Option A is correct because the ascending limb is lined by cuboidal epithelium and the descending limb is lined by squamous epithelium.
55
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Remembering
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Longest loop of Henle is found in
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Kangaroo rat
Option A (Kangaroo rat) is correct because kangaroo rats live in arid environments and have extremely long loops of Henle to maximize water reabsorption, producing highly concentrated urine.
56
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Analyzing
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Assertion: Stimulation of renin secretion will increase the volume of the extra cellular fluid.
Reason: The increased ECF occurs due to decreased active reabsorption of
Reason: The increased ECF occurs due to decreased active reabsorption of
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Assertion is true but reason is false
Option C (Assertion is true but reason is false) is correct because renin secretion increases ECF volume, but this occurs due to increased, not decreased, sodium reabsorption.
57
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Understanding
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Ultrafiltration occurs in a glomerulus when
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Colloidal osmotic pressure plus capsular pressure remain less than glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
Option D (Colloidal osmotic pressure plus capsular pressure remain less than glomerular hydrostatic pressure) is correct because ultrafiltration occurs when the pressure forcing fluid out of the glomerulus (hydrostatic pressure) is greater than the pressures opposing it (colloidal osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure).
58
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Remembering
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The medullary gradient is mainly caused by
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
NaCl and urea
Option A (NaCl and urea) is correct because NaCl and urea are the primary solutes responsible for creating the medullary gradient in the kidneys.
59
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Understanding
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Which of the following statements is correct?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
The ascending limb of the Henle’s loop extends as the DCT
Option D (The ascending limb of the Henle’s loop extends as the DCT) is correct because the ascending limb of the loop of Henle directly transitions into the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
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Remembering
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Which of the following disorder is an outcome of irregularities in metabolism of the nitrogenous waste?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Gouty arthritis
Option B is correct because gouty arthritis is a direct result of the irregular metabolism of nitrogenous wastes, specifically uric acid.
Revision notes and key takeaways
Review EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION in your textbook or class notes, then use this set to check your understanding.
Showing 31-60 of 129 questions