1:1 mixture of enantiomer and diastereomer

Consider the following nucleophilic groups : $\text{I. } -\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{SO}_2-\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5$ ${\text{II}}.\,\, - {\text{O}} - \mathop {\text{C}}\limits^{\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\text{O}} \\ {||} \end{array}} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}$ $\text{III. }-{Cl}$ $\text{IV. }-\mathrm{OCH}_3$ What is the correct order of leaving power of the above nucleophilic substitution reaction?

$\text{I}>\text{III}>\text{II}>\text{IV}$

$\text{I}>\text{II}>\text{IV}>\text{III}$

$\text{I}>\text{II}>\text{III}>\text{IV}$

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NEET • CHEMISTRY • ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques practice · Medium

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Showing 1-30 of 173 questions

1 Medium

1 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

The number of different substitution products possible when ethane is allowed to react with bromine is sunlight are :

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Option A is correct because there are 9 different substitution products possible when ethane reacts with bromine in sunlight. These include mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexabrominated products, with structural isomers for some.

2 Medium

2 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

Correct order of stability is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{\bar C} > C{\mathrm{H}_2} = \mathrm{\bar CH} > C{\mathrm{H}_3} - \mathrm{\bar C}{\mathrm{H}_2}

Option D (2 – Chloro heptan – 6 – ol) is correct because the hydroxyl group (-OH) has higher priority than the chloro group (-Cl) in IUPAC naming, so the carbon chain is numbered to give the -OH group the lowest possible number.

3 Medium

3 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A) A mixture of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation.

Reason (R)

p

-nitrophenol is steam volatile whereas onitrophenol is not steam volatile.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

If Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Option C (If Assertion is true but Reason is false) is correct because o-nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding, while p-nitrophenol is not due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

4 Medium

4 of 173

Application +4 | -1

An organic compound having carbon, hydrogen and sulphur contains 4% of sulphur. The minimum molecular weight of the compound is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

800

Option B (800) is correct because the minimum molecular weight is calculated by assuming one sulfur atom per molecule, so MW = (atomic weight of S / percentage of S) * 100.

5 Medium

5 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

Isobutyl chloride is :

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

{\left( {\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_3}} \right)_2}\mathrm{CHC}{\mathrm{H}_2}\mathrm{Cl}

Option B (

{\left( {\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_3}} \right)_2}\mathrm{CHC}{\mathrm{H}_2}\mathrm{Cl}

) is correct because it represents a four-carbon chain with a methyl branch on the second carbon and chlorine on the first carbon.

6 Medium

6 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

All carbon atoms are

\mathrm{sp}^2

hybridised in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

1, 3-butadiene

Option B (1,3-butadiene) is correct because all four carbon atoms in 1,3-butadiene are

sp^2

hybridized due to the presence of double bonds.

7 Medium

7 of 173

Remembering +4 | -1

Racemic compound has

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Equimolar mixture of enantiomers

Option A (Equimolar mixture of enantiomers) is correct because a racemic compound is defined as an equimolar mixture of enantiomers.

8 Medium

8 of 173

Remembering +4 | -1

The correct decreasing order of priority for the functional groups of organic compounds in the

IUPAC

system of nomenclature is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

- COOH > - CON{H_2} > - CN > - NC > - CHO > - N{H_2}

Option A is correct because the correct decreasing order of priority for the functional groups of organic compounds in the IUPAC system of nomenclature is -COOH > -CONH₂ > -CN > -CHO > -NH₂.

9 Medium

9 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Consider the following nucleophilic groups :

\text{I. } -\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{SO}_2-\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5

{\text{II}}.\,\, - {\text{O}} - \mathop {\text{C}}\limits^{\begin{array}{cccccccccccccccccccc} {\text{O}} \\ {||} \end{array}} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}

\text{III. }-{Cl}

\text{IV. }-\mathrm{OCH}_3

What is the correct order of leaving power of the above nucleophilic substitution reaction?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

\text{IV}>\text{III}>\text{II}>\text{I}

Option D (I > II > III > IV) is incorrect. The correct order of leaving group ability is I > II > III > IV, based on the stability of the leaving group after departure.

10 Medium

10 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Among the following anions

\left( a \right){\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \;\mathrm{\bar C}{\mathrm{H}_3}\;{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \left( b \right)\;{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \mathrm{\bar N}{\mathrm{H}_2},{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \;\left( c \right){\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \mathrm{O}{\mathrm{H}^ - },\;{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \left( d \right){\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\mathrm{F}^ - }

the order of basicity is :

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

a > b > c > d

Option A (

a > b > c > d

) is correct because basicity decreases with increasing electronegativity and stability of the conjugate acid, with carbon being the least electronegative and fluorine the most.

11 Medium

11 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

The number of

s{p^3}

- hybrid carbons in 2-butyne is :

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Correct option: C

Option C (2) is correct because 2-butyne (CH3-C≡C-CH3) has two sp3 hybridized carbon atoms (the methyl groups).

12 Medium

12 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Which of the following compounds is not chiral?

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Correct option: C

1-chloropentane

Option C (1-chloropentane) is not chiral because it does not have a chiral center (a carbon atom bonded to four different groups).

13 Medium

13 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Which structure can be explained by taking ground state configuration of atom?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

{\mathrm{H}_2}\mathrm{O}

Option D (

{\mathrm{H}_2}\mathrm{O}

) is correct because the bonding in water can be explained by the ground state configuration of oxygen without invoking hybridization.

14 Medium

14 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

During

\mathrm{AgN}{\mathrm{O}_3}

test for detection of halogens, sodium extract is boiled with few drops of conc.

\mathrm{HN}{\mathrm{O}_3}

to decompose

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both (a) and (b)

Option C (Both (a) and (b)) is correct because the sodium extract contains NaCN and Na2S, which can interfere with the silver halide precipitation in the AgNO3 test for halogens. HNO3 decomposes these interfering ions.

15 Medium

15 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

The order of decreasing reactivity towards

{S_E}\;

reaction for the given compound is:
(i)

{\mathrm{C}_6}{\mathrm{H}_6}

(ii)

{\mathrm{C}_6}{\mathrm{H}_5}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_3}

(iii)

{\mathrm{C}_6}{\mathrm{H}_5}\mathrm{Cl}

(iv)

{\mathrm{C}_6}{\mathrm{H}_5}\mathrm{OH}

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

(iv) > (ii) > (i) > (iii)

Option C (iv) > (ii) > (i) > (iii) is correct because electron donating groups increase reactivity towards electrophilic substitution, while electron withdrawing groups decrease it.

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16 Medium

16 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

Diastereomers can be separated by :

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Correct option: A

Fractional distillation

Option A is correct because diastereomers have different physical properties, including boiling points, allowing separation by fractional distillation.

17 Medium

17 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

The correct order of decreasing acidity for following is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

\mathrm{CH} \equiv \mathrm{CH}>\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}>\mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}_2>\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_3

Option D is correct because the acidity of a compound is related to the stability of the conjugate base, which is influenced by the s-character of the carbon atom. More s-character means more acidic.

18 Medium

18 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

Which type of isomerism is shown by 2, 3 – dichloro butane

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Correct option: C

Optical

Option C (Optical) is correct because 2,3-dichlorobutane has two chiral centers, allowing for the existence of enantiomers and diastereomers, thus exhibiting optical isomerism.

19 Medium

19 of 173

Understanding +4 | -1

The number of different amines corresponding to the formula

{\mathrm{C}_3}{\mathrm{H}_9}\mathrm{N}

is :

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Correct option: C

Option C (4) is correct because there are four distinct amine structures that can be formed with the formula C3H9N.

20 Medium

20 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

In Carius tube, an organic compound '

\mathrm{X}

' is treated with sodium peroxide to form a mineral acid '

Y

'.

The solution of

\mathrm{BaCl}_2

is added to '

\mathrm{Y}

' to form a precipitate '

Z

'. '

Z

' is used for the quantitative estimation of an extra element. '

\mathrm{X}

' could be

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Methionine

Option C (Methionine) is correct because it contains sulfur, which upon oxidation with sodium peroxide, forms sulfate ions that precipitate with barium chloride as barium sulfate.

21 Medium

21 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion: The double bond of carbonyl group
has higher bond energy than double bond in
alkenes.

Reason: Carbonyl group has

sp^2

hybridisation.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion

Option B is correct because the assertion that the double bond of a carbonyl group has higher bond energy than the double bond in alkenes is true, but the reason (sp² hybridization) doesn't explain it. The higher bond energy is due to the polarity of the C=O bond.

22 Medium

22 of 173

Application +4 | -1

The number of geometrical isomers of

C{H_3} - CH = CH - CH = CH - CH = CHCl

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Option D (8) is correct because there are three double bonds, each capable of exhibiting cis/trans isomerism. The number of geometrical isomers is 2^n = 2³ = 8.

23 Medium

23 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Incorrect statement for the use of indicators in acid-base titration is :

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Correct option: C

Methyl orange may be used for a weak acid vs weak base titration.

Option C (Methyl orange may be used for a weak acid vs weak base titration) is correct because methyl orange is not suitable for weak acid vs weak base titrations.

24 Medium

24 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Among the following the dissociation constant is highest for

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_3} - \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}

Option C (

\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_3} - \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}

) is correct because terminal alkynes are weakly acidic due to the sp hybridization of the carbon atom bearing the acidic hydrogen, resulting in a relatively stable conjugate base.

25 Medium

25 of 173

Application +4 | -1

The correct name for

C{H_3}COC{H_2}OH

is:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

1-hydroxy propan-2-one

Option B (1-hydroxy propan-2-one) is correct because it correctly identifies the ketone and alcohol functional groups and their positions.

26 Medium

26 of 173

Application +4 | -1

(+)-Mandelic acid has a specific rotation of

158^{\circ}

. What is the observed specific rotation of a mixture of

25 \%(-)-

mandelic acid and

75 \%(+)

- mandelic acid?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

+79^{\circ}

Option D (+79°) is correct because the observed specific rotation is calculated based on the enantiomeric excess (ee) and the specific rotation of the pure enantiomer.

27 Medium

27 of 173

Analyzing +4 | -1

Which one of the following has maximum acid
strength?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

o–Nitrobenzoic acid

Option D (o–Nitrobenzoic acid) has the maximum acid strength due to the ortho effect, where the proximity of the nitro group to the carboxylic acid group enhances acidity.

28 Medium

28 of 173

Remembering +4 | -1

Examples of electron withdrawing groups relative to hydrogen are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All of these

Option D (All of these) is correct because

-\mathrm{NO}_2

-\mathrm{COOH}

, and

-\mathrm{COOR}

are all electron-withdrawing groups relative to hydrogen.

29 Medium

29 of 173

Remembering +4 | -1

Which of the following polymer is used in the manufacture of wood laminates?

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Correct option: C

Urea formaldehyde resin

Option C (Urea formaldehyde resin) is correct because it is commonly used in the manufacture of wood laminates due to its adhesive properties and cost-effectiveness.

30 Medium

30 of 173

Remembering +4 | -1

Which acid is an optically active:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

2-chloropropanoic acid

Option B (2-chloropropanoic acid) is correct because it has a chiral carbon (a carbon atom bonded to four different groups), making it optically active.

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