Heterochromatin in male and female cells

All heterochromatin in female cells

$Y$-chromosome in somatic cells

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NEET • BIOLOGY • PRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

Principle of inheritance and variation practice · Hard

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Showing 1-30 of 66 questions

1 Hard

1 of 66

Remembering +4 | -1

In phenylketonuria mental retardation takes place due to accumulation of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Phenylpyruvic acid

Option C (Phenylpyruvic acid) is correct because in phenylketonuria, mental retardation occurs due to the accumulation of phenylpyruvic acid.

2 Hard

2 of 66

Application +4 | -1

Calculate number of the phenotypes in

\mathrm{F}_2

generation if a character is controlled by 3 pairs of polygenes.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Option A (7) is correct because the number of phenotypes in the F2 generation for a character controlled by n polygenes is 2n+1. In this case, n=3, so 2(3)+1 = 7.

3 Hard

3 of 66

Remembering +4 | -1

The term Genetics is coined by?

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Correct option: B

Bateson

Option B (Bateson) is correct because William Bateson coined the term \"Genetics\" to describe the study of heredity and variation.

4 Hard

4 of 66

Remembering +4 | -1

To describe the generation of non – parental gene combinations Morgan coined the term?

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Correct option: B

Recombination

Option B (Recombination) is correct because recombination refers to the process that generates non-parental combinations of genes, often through crossing over.

5 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

When a true breeding pea plant that has yellow seeds is pollinated by a plant that has green seeds, then all the F1 plants have yellow seeds. This means that the allele for yellow is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Dominant

Option B (Dominant) is correct because when a true-breeding yellow seed plant is crossed with a green seed plant, and all F1 plants have yellow seeds, it means yellow is dominant.

6 Hard

6 of 66

Application +4 | -1

The normal body colour of a grasshopper is green. The gene for this character is present on X chromosome. Due to recessive mutation in this gene, grasshoppers with pink body colour are produced. A male grasshopper with green body colour mates with a female grasshopper with pink body colour. Which of these statements is true?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

All the daughters will be green and all the sons will be pink.

Option D (All the daughters will be green and all the sons will be pink) is correct because the green body colour gene is on the X chromosome and dominant, so daughters inherit the green gene from their father and the pink gene from their mother, resulting in green daughters. Sons inherit the Y chromosome from their father and the pink gene from their mother, resulting in pink sons.

7 Hard

7 of 66

Understanding +4 | -1

Sickle cell anaemia is an example of ?

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Correct option: D

incomplete dominance

Option D (incomplete dominance) is correct because in sickle cell anemia, heterozygotes (carriers) exhibit an intermediate phenotype, showing some sickling of red blood cells but not the full-blown disease.

8 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

In which one of the following combinations (a-d) of the number of the chromosomes is the present day hexaploid wheat correctly represented?
Combination Monosomic Haploid Nullisomic Trisomic

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

41-21-40-43

Option D is correct because in hexaploid wheat (2n=6x=42), monosomic is 2n-1=41, haploid is n=21, nullisomic is 2n-2=40, and trisomic is 2n+1=43.

9 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion (A): In birds, the females have one Z and one W chromosome, whereas male have a pair of Z-chromosomes besides autosomes.
Reason (R): In birds, sex of the offsprings in decided by the temperature of surroundings when they are released.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

(A) is true but (R) is false

The correct answer is C ((A) is true but (R) is false) because while the chromosome arrangement in birds is correct, sex determination is genetic, not temperature-dependent.

10 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

One chromosome of a homologous pair carries the genes J and K. The other chromosome of the pair carries the genes

\mathrm{j}

and

\mathrm{k}

at corresponding loci. Crossing over results in exchange of chromosome segments and production of gametes with new combinations of genes. A recombinant type gamete resulting from this crossover might contain:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Genes j and K

Option B (Genes j and K) is correct because crossing over involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, resulting in new combinations of alleles.

11 Hard

11 of 66

Understanding +4 | -1

Crossing over occurs between

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Correct option: B

Homologous chromosome

Option B (Homologous chromosome) is correct because crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

12 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Two genes R and Y are located very close on the chromosomal linkage map of maize plant. When RRYY and rryy genotypes are hybridized, then

{F_2}

-segregation wii show

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Higher number of the parental types

Option D (Higher number of the parental types) is correct because genes located very close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together, resulting in a higher proportion of parental phenotypes.

13 Hard

13 of 66

Remembering +4 | -1

When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of

{\mathrm{F}_1}

hybrid is often superior to both its parents. This phenomenon, is called

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

heterosis

Option D (heterosis) is correct because heterosis describes the superior performance of F1 hybrids compared to their parents.

14 Hard

14 of 66

Application +4 | -1

How many gametes can be obtained with a plant with genotype AaBBCc

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Correct option: A

Option A is correct because the number of gametes is determined by the number of heterozygous loci (2^n), which is 2² = 4 in this case.

15 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Consider the following four statements I, II, III and IV and select the correct statements
I. Mendelian experiments has a large sampling size, which gave greater credibility to the data that he collected
II. Recessive allele influences the appearance of the phenotype even in the presence of a dominant allele
III. Multiple alleles can be found only when population studies are made
IV. In

{\mathrm{F}_2}

-generation of a Mendelian monohybrid cross, the tall and dwarf traits were identical to their parental types and shows blending inheritance
The correct statements are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

I and III

Option A (I and III) is correct because Mendelian experiments did use large sample sizes, and multiple alleles are studied in populations.

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16 Hard

16 of 66

Application +4 | -1

What will be the recombination frequency of genes and A and B if number of recombinants obtained are two and total offsprings are four?

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Correct option: A

0.5

Option A (0.5) is correct because recombination frequency is calculated as (number of recombinants / total offspring) = 2/4 = 0.5.

17 Hard

17 of 66

Understanding +4 | -1

Crossing over in diploid organisms is responsible for

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Correct option: C

Recombination of linked genes

The correct answer is C (Recombination of linked genes) because crossing over results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, leading to recombination.

18 Hard

18 of 66

Remembering +4 | -1

The title of Mendel’s paper, while presenting at Brunn Natural History Society in 1865 was

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Correct option: D

Experiments on plant hybridisation

Option D (Experiments on plant hybridisation) is correct because this was the actual title of Mendel's published work.

19 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Type of gamete participating in selfing of members in monohybrid cross are of

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Correct option: B

Two type

Option B (Two type) is correct because in a monohybrid cross, selfing involves two types of gametes, each carrying one of the two alleles for the trait.

20 Hard

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Remembering +4 | -1

Humans knew from as early as …A… BC that one of the causes of variation was hidden in …B… reproduction. They exploided …C… that were naturally present in wild population,

A,B

and

C

here refer to

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

A-8000-1000 BC, B-sexual, C-variations

Option A (A-8000-1000 BC, B-sexual, C-variations) is correct because humans recognized the role of sexual reproduction in causing variations as early as 8000-1000 BC.

21 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion (A): Incomplete dominance made it possible to distinguish heterogyzous from homozygous.

Reason (R): In incomplete dominance

F_1

had a phenotype that did not resemble either of the two parents and was in between the two.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)

Option A (Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)) is correct because incomplete dominance allows for the distinction between heterozygotes and homozygotes due to the intermediate phenotype, as explained by the reason.

22 Hard

22 of 66

Understanding +4 | -1

Dihybrid test cross ratio is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

1: 1: 1: 1

Option B (

1: 1: 1: 1

) is correct because a dihybrid test cross involves crossing a dihybrid individual (e.g., AaBb) with a double recessive individual (aabb), resulting in a 1:1:1:1 phenotypic ratio.

23 Hard

23 of 66

Analyzing +4 | -1

A colourblind male marries to a normal female and they have their first child as colourblind female. What will be the genotype of the father and mother respectively?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

X^C Y, X^C X^C

Option D (

X^C Y, X^C X^C

) is correct because for a colorblind female to be born, she must inherit one colorblind X chromosome from each parent, meaning both parents must carry the colorblind allele.

24 Hard

24 of 66

Understanding +4 | -1

A. The physical association between the two genes is termed as ..................(a)

B. The generation of non-parental gene combination is termed as ..................(b)

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Correct option: C

a - linkage, b -recombination

Option C (a - linkage, b -recombination) is correct because linkage refers to the physical association of genes, while recombination refers to the generation of non-parental gene combinations.

25 Hard

25 of 66

Remembering +4 | -1

Barr body represents

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

One of the two

{X}

-chromosomes in somatic cells of female

Option C (One of the two

{X}

-chromosomes in somatic cells of female) is correct because a Barr body represents an inactivated X chromosome in female somatic cells.

26 Hard

26 of 66

Understanding +4 | -1

Distance between the genes and percentage of recombination shows?

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Correct option: A

a direct relationship

Option A (a direct relationship) is correct because the greater the distance between genes, the higher the percentage of recombination due to increased chances of crossing over.

27 Hard

27 of 66

Application +4 | -1

In a plant, tallness is dominant over dwarfness and red flowers are incompletely dominant over white
flowers, the hybrid being pink. How many offsprings will be of tall height with pink flowers from a cross
involved two plants each of which is hybrid tall and pink flowers?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

\frac{6}{16}

Option B (

\frac{6}{16}

) is correct because it represents the probability of obtaining tall pink offspring from a dihybrid cross.

28 Hard

28 of 66

Application +4 | -1

In a polygenic cross

\mathrm{AaBbCc} \times \mathrm{AaBbCc}

, the phenotypic ratio of offspring is

1:6:

\mathrm{X}

:20:\mathrm{X}:6:1

. What is the value of '

\mathrm{X}

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Option C (15) is correct because in a polygenic cross, the coefficients of the binomial expansion represent the phenotypic ratios.

29 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion (A): Mendel gave postulates like "principles of segregation and principles of independent assortment" after studying seven pairs of contrasting traits in garden pea.

Reason (R): He was lucky in selecting seven characters in pea that were located on seven different chromosomes.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)

Option A (Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)) is correct because Mendel's success in formulating the laws of segregation and independent assortment was partly due to the fact that the seven traits he studied were located on different chromosomes, allowing for independent assortment.

30 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following illustrates pleiotropy?

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Correct option: D

The human cystic fibrosis gene causes many symptoms, from respiratory distress to digestive problems

Option D (The human cystic fibrosis gene causes many symptoms, from respiratory distress to digestive problems) is correct because pleiotropy refers to a single gene affecting multiple phenotypic traits.

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