$92\% $ water and $8\% $ salts.

$90\% $ water, $8\% $ uric acid and $2\% $ proteins.

Is responsible for the storage of nutrients such as glycogen

Concentrates the urine by actively transporting water out of the filtrate

Responds to antidiuretic hormone by increasing urine output

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NEET • BIOLOGY • EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Excretory products and their elimination practice · Mixed difficulty

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Showing 31-60 of 269 questions

31 Medium

31 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Ketones

Option B (Ketones) is correct because during prolonged fasting, the body breaks down fats for energy, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted in the urine.

32 Medium

32 of 269

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion : Ultrafiltration takes place in presence of effective filtration pressure.

Reason : In ultrafiltration process, blood is filtered in Bowman's capsule, filtered fluid contain protein

\&

blood corpuscles also.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

If Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Option C (If Assertion is true but Reason is false) is correct because ultrafiltration does occur due to effective filtration pressure, but the filtrate in Bowman's capsule does not contain proteins and blood corpuscles.

33 Medium

33 of 269

Analyzing +4 | -1

The following statements are for a retroperitoneal organ located between last thoracic and the third lumbar vertebra. Choose the statement which is incorrect for this organ

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea here and retained in
medulla to maintain desired osmolarity of body fluids

Option C (Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea here and retained in medulla to maintain desired osmolarity of body fluids) is correct because the liver, not the kidney, converts ammonia to urea.

34 Easy

34 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

At which place we initially used the term ‘urine’ for filtrate?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

collecting duct

Option D (collecting duct) is correct because the final filtrate in the collecting duct is what we commonly refer to as urine.

35 Medium

35 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

Ammonia is converted into urea in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Liver

Option C (Liver) is correct because the urea cycle, which converts ammonia to urea, takes place in the liver.

36 Medium

36 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

Read the following statement and choose the option that correctly fills the blank. Small amounts of urea could be eliminated through ______.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Saliva

Option B (Saliva) is correct because small amounts of urea can be eliminated through saliva.

37 Medium

37 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

Human urine contains

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

95\%

water, 

2) 2\%

urea,

2\%

salts and some uric acid.

Option A (

95\%

water, 

2) 2\%

urea,

2\%

salts and some uric acid) is correct as it represents the approximate composition of human urine.

38 Hard

38 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Juxta-medullary nephrons can be differentiated from cortical nephrons on the basis of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Vasa recta

Option B (Vasa recta) is correct because juxta-medullary nephrons have well-developed vasa recta that run parallel to the long loops of Henle, while cortical nephrons have absent or highly reduced vasa recta.

39 Easy

39 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

RASS secretes which of the following hormone?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Mineralocorticoids

Option A is correct because the RAAS system ultimately leads to the secretion of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone).

40 Hard

40 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following statements are correct?

A. An increase in body fluid can switch off the osmoreceptors.

B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis.

C. ANF causes vasodilation.

D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure.

E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

A, B, C and D only

The correct answer is A (A, B, C and D only) because all these statements are correct regarding kidney function regulation except E, which states ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.

41 Medium

41 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

What is the obligatory water reabsorption?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both (a) and (b)

Option C is correct because obligatory water reabsorption, which occurs regardless of hydration status, takes place in both the PCT and the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

42 Medium

42 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

Kidney stones are produced due to deposition of uric acid and

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Calcium oxalate

Option D is correct because kidney stones are commonly composed of calcium oxalate, along with other minerals and uric acid.

43 Medium

43 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

If one liter of water is introduced in human blood, then

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

RBC collapses and urine production increases

Option B (RBC collapses and urine production increases) is correct because introducing a large amount of water into the blood will decrease its osmolarity, causing water to enter red blood cells (RBCs) and potentially causing them to burst (hemolysis), and the kidneys will increase urine production to remove the excess water.

44 Easy

44 of 269

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A): The stretch receptors on the wall of urinary bladder do not signal the CNS when the urinary
bladder fills with urine
Reason (R): Micturition is a voluntary process

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

If A is false, but R is true

Option D (If A is false, but R is true) is correct because the stretch receptors DO signal the CNS, and micturition is indeed a voluntary process to some extent.

45 Easy

45 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

Glomerular filtrate is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma protein

Option A (Blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma protein) is correct because glomerular filtrate is blood plasma without cells and large proteins.

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46 Medium

46 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

The human kidney

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Produces more dilute urine when the collection ducts become less permeable to water

Option C (Produces more dilute urine when the collection ducts become less permeable to water) is correct because reduced water permeability in the collecting ducts results in less water reabsorption and more dilute urine.

47 Easy

47 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Choose the false statement

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Tubular secretion is not very important step in urine formation

Option D is correct because tubular secretion is a very important step in urine formation, not unimportant.

48 Easy

48 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

Average pH of human urine is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Option A (6) is correct because the average pH of human urine is slightly acidic, around 6.

49 Easy

49 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following is responsible for excretion of dilute urine?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Less secretion of vasopressin

Option B (Less secretion of vasopressin) is correct because vasopressin (ADH) promotes water reabsorption, so less secretion leads to dilute urine.

50 Easy

50 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

The nature of cortical nephrons having

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Loop of Henle is too short & extends little into the medulla

Option A (Loop of Henle is too short & extends little into the medulla) is correct because cortical nephrons are characterized by their short loops of Henle that do not penetrate deeply into the renal medulla.

51 Easy

51 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Select the correct order of toxicity of the following chemicals
A) Ammonia

\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,

B) Urea

\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,

C) Uric acid

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

\mathrm{A}\,\mathrm{ > }\,\mathrm{B}\,\mathrm{ > }\,\mathrm{C}

Option A (A > B > C) is correct because ammonia is the most toxic, followed by urea, and then uric acid, based on their nitrogen content and metabolic pathways.

52 Easy

52 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Which one of the following statements is false?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Presence of urea in urine is glycosuria

Option B (Presence of urea in urine is glycosuria) is false because glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in urine, not urea.

53 Easy

53 of 269

Remembering +4 | -1

Osmoregulation is the function of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

ADH

Option B is correct because ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus controlling osmolarity.

54 Medium

54 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Henle’s loop of nephron plays a significant role in maintaining a high osmolarity in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Medullary interstitial fluid

Option B (Medullary interstitial fluid) is correct because the Loop of Henle creates and maintains a high solute concentration in the medullary interstitial fluid, which is essential for water reabsorption and urine concentration.

55 Medium

55 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Malfunctioning of kidneys may lead to a condition called uremia in which

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Urea is accumulated in blood

Option C (Urea is accumulated in blood) is correct because uremia is specifically the condition where urea accumulates in the blood due to malfunctioning kidneys.

56 Medium

56 of 269

Analyzing +4 | -1

Read the given statements

A : Secretions of JGA eventually result in constriction of efferent arteriole, thereby increasing GFR.

B : Sympathetic stimulation leads to constriction of afferent arteriole leading to fall in GFR.

Select the correct option.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both statements A

\&

B are correct

Option C is correct because both statements A and B accurately describe the effects of JGA secretions and sympathetic stimulation on GFR.

57 Easy

57 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Mammals have the ability to produce

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Hypertonic urine

Option B (Hypertonic urine) is correct because mammals have the ability to concentrate their urine, producing urine that is more concentrated (hypertonic) than their blood plasma.

58 Medium

58 of 269

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion: The JGA plays a complex regulatory role.

Reason: An increase in glomerular blood flow / GFR can activate JG cells to release rennin.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Assertion is true but reason is false.

Option C is correct because the assertion is true (JGA plays a regulatory role) but the reason is false (decreased blood flow activates JG cells).

59 Easy

59 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

Primary function of sweat in humans is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Cooling of skin

Option B (Cooling of skin) is correct because the primary function of sweat is thermoregulation through evaporative cooling.

60 Medium

60 of 269

Understanding +4 | -1

The characteristic that is shared by urea, uric acid and ammonia is/are:  I. They are nitrogenous wastes.  II They all need very large amount of water for excretion  III.They are all equally toxic. IV. They are equal in amount.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

I only

Option D (I only) is correct because urea, uric acid, and ammonia are all nitrogenous wastes, but they differ in toxicity and water requirements.

Revision notes and key takeaways

Review EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION in your textbook or class notes, then use this set to check your understanding.

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