Evolution practice · Easy

Option D (All of these) is correct because S.L. Miller's closed flask contained methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3), and water (H2O), simulating the early Earth's atmosphere.

Option B (Adaptive radiation) is correct because adaptive radiation is the process where different functional structures develop from a common ancestral form due to different environmental pressures.

Option C (Protein structure consisting of branched amino acids) is correct because proteinoids are protein-like structures formed from branched amino acids.

Option C (Glutamic acid) is correct because Miller's experiment primarily synthesized simpler amino acids like glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, but not glutamic acid.

Option D (0.9) is correct because approximately 90% of energy is lost as one proceeds from one trophic level to the next higher level.

Option D is correct because the flipper of a seal is a homologous structure, while the others are vestigial organs.

Option D (Directional selection) is correct because the evolution of DDT-resistant mosquitoes is a shift towards one extreme phenotype due to selection pressure.

Option A (If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion) is correct because the geographic isolation of Australia due to continental drift allowed pouched mammals to thrive in the absence of competition from more advanced placental mammals.

Option C (Hardy –Weinberg principle) is correct because the Hardy-Weinberg principle states that changes in allele frequencies in a population result in evolution.

Option C (Mutation) is correct because mutation introduces new genetic variation in a non-directional manner.

Option B ( Darwin) is correct because Charles Darwin is credited with the theories of struggle for existence and survival of the fittest, which are central to his theory of natural selection.

Option A (Biogenesis theory) is correct because it states that life originates from pre-existing life.

Option A is correct because the founder effect is a type of genetic drift where a new population is established by a small number of individuals.

Option D (All of these) is correct because Miller's experiment produced amino acids, organic compounds, and peptides.

Option D (All of these) is incorrect. The family Pongidae includes Chimpanzee, Gorilla and Orangutan.

Option C is correct because phylogenetic trees visually represent the evolutionary relationships and branching patterns between organisms.

Option B (Cow) is correct because cows are a relatively recent species and haven't left significant evolutionary evidence like fossils or transitional forms.

Option C (The diversity of all living organisms was always same since creation and will be same in future also) is correct because it is one of the three connotations of the theory of special creation.

Option A ($\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_4}$) is correct because methane was a key component of the early Earth's atmosphere.

Option D (All of the above) is correct because evolution encompasses disturbances in genetic equilibrium, the Hardy-Weinberg principle, and changes in allele frequencies.

Option C ($\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_4}$) is correct because methane is considered a key component of the early Earth's atmosphere and played a crucial role in prebiotic chemistry.

Option C (Both (1) and (2)) is correct because mutations alter the genetic makeup (genotype) of an organism, which can then lead to changes in its observable characteristics (phenotype).

Option D (If both Assertion and Reason are false) is correct because Neanderthal man is not an intermediate between Ramapithecus and Homo erectus, and their brain size was larger than 800cc.

Option B (anaerobic) is correct because the first autotrophs likely lived in an oxygen-poor environment.

Option C (Melanization in peppered moth) is correct because it is an example of natural selection, not inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Option B is correct. While both the assertion and reason are true, the large brain size of Homo erectus doesn't directly explain their meat-eating habits. Evidence from tools and fossils supports the assertion.

Option A is correct because industrial melanism demonstrates how organisms adapt to their surroundings for protection.

Option A (Homologous) is correct because homologous organs are structures that share a common ancestry but may have different functions, illustrating adaptive radiation.

Option A is correct because Darwin's concept of natural selection was inspired by Thomas Malthus's work on population growth.

Option A (20 bya - 4.5 bya) is correct because the estimated age of the Universe is around 20 billion years, and the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old.