Evolution practice · Easy

Option B (If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion) is correct because while saltation (large, single-step mutation) is a real phenomenon, it's not the primary driver of speciation. Mutation is responsible for speciation, but not necessarily through single-step mutations.

Option C (Prevalence of pesticide resistance insects) is correct because it demonstrates natural selection where insects with resistance survive and reproduce, leading to a higher proportion of resistant insects.

Option D (I and IV) is correct because abiogenesis refers to spontaneous generation and the origin of life from non-living matter.

Option A (Permian period) is correct because mammal-like reptiles, known as therapsids, originated during the Permian period.

Option A (Greater variation in African than in Asia) is correct because greater genetic variation in a population suggests it is the origin from which other populations migrated.

Option C (Environments) is correct because Darwin proposed that different environments lead to different selective pressures, resulting in different species.

Option A (Biogenetic law) is correct because the theory that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny is known as the Biogenetic law.

Option C (The reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment) is correct because it accurately describes natural selection as differential reproductive success based on adaptation.

Option C (Amphibians) is correct because lobe-finned fishes, like the coelacanth, are considered to be the ancestors of amphibians, the first vertebrates to colonize land.

Option D is correct because branching descent and natural selection are the two main concepts in Darwin's theory of evolution.

Option B (1859) is the correct answer because that is the year Darwin's 'Origin of Species' was published.

Option B (Mesozoic era) is correct because the Mesozoic era is known as the age of gymnosperms.

Option A (Devonian) is correct because the Devonian period is when crosspterygian fish evolved into amphibians.

Option D (All of the above) is correct because DNA analysis, carbon dating, and fossil study all contribute to understanding species evolution.

Option D (Hugo de Vries) is correct because he proposed the mutation theory, suggesting sudden large mutations can cause evolution.

Option D (All of the above) is correct because natural selection involves better adaptability, elimination of the less adapted, and better survival.

Option C (High atmospheric oxygen) is correct because high levels of oxygen prevent the spontaneous formation of organic molecules.

Option D (${O_2}$) is correct because the early atmosphere was reducing, lacking free oxygen.

Option B (Triassic –Mesozoic) is correct because the first mammals appeared during the Triassic period, which is part of the Mesozoic era.

Option B (Molar) is correct because molars, specifically wisdom teeth, are often considered vestigial organs in humans due to their reduced functionality and frequent impaction.

Option D (All of the above) is correct because evolution encompasses rolling out/unfolding, revealing hidden potential, and descent with modification.

Option C is correct because it lists all the vestigial organs present in human beings: wisdom teeth, coccyx, vermiform appendix, nictitating membrane, and auricular muscles.