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NEET • BIOLOGY • BIOTECHNOLOGY-PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES

Biotechnology-principles and processes practice · Hard

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1 Hard
1 of 29
Analyzing +4 | -1
Assertion: Special methods are used for
transformation i.e., incorporation of recombinant
DNA into molecule.

Reason: DNA is a hydrophilic molecule.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
If both Assertion and Reason are true and
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
Option A (Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation) is correct because DNA's hydrophilic nature necessitates special methods for transformation.
2 Hard
2 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
Enzyme isolated from Thermus aquaticus bacterium is used in
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Gene amplification
Option B (Gene amplification) is correct because Taq polymerase is used in PCR for amplifying DNA.
3 Hard
3 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of non-recombinant bacteria because of:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Non-recombinant bacteria containing beta-galactosidase
Option B (Insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase in recombinant bacteria) is correct because when a gene is inserted into the LacZ gene, it disrupts the production of functional alpha-galactosidase, leading to white colonies.
4 Hard
4 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
The polymerase enzyme used in PCR is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Taq polymerase
Option B (Taq polymerase) is correct because Taq polymerase is the heat-stable DNA polymerase used in PCR.
5 Hard
5 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
Restriction endonuclease cuts
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
dsDNA
Option A (We can cut DNA at specific sites by restriction endo nucleases) is correct because the ability to cut DNA at specific sites using restriction endonucleases is fundamental to genetic engineering.
6 Hard
6 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
In gene gun method used to introduce alien DNA into host cells, microparticles of ________ metal are used.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Tungsten or gold
Option A (Tungsten or gold) is correct because these metals are commonly used to coat microparticles for gene delivery via gene gun.
7 Hard
7 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
A. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell
B. Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme
C. Isolation of desired DNA fragment
D. Amplification of gene of interest using PCR
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
B, C, D, A
Option C (B, C, D, A) is correct because it represents the correct sequence: cutting DNA, isolating the fragment, amplifying it, and then inserting it into the host cell.
8 Hard
8 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
Popularly used artificially  plasmid is?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
PUC19, PBR322PU{C^{19}},\,PB{R^{322}}
Option C (Transgenic organism) is correct because a transgenic organism is defined as an organism whose genome has been altered by the insertion of one or more genes from another species.
9 Hard
9 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
In genetic engineering, where genes can be inserted from one organism into another or back into the original organism uses which of the following techniques?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Gene gun
Option B (Gene gun) is correct because a gene gun is used to insert genes from one organism into another or back into the original organism.
10 Hard
10 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
Average number of plasmids per bacterial cell is?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
15 to 100
Option B (15 to 100) is correct because the average number of plasmids per bacterial cell typically ranges from 15 to 100, depending on the plasmid and the host cell.
11 Hard
11 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
Which one of the following is correct explanation for autoradiography?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
All of the above
Option D is correct because autoradiography is used to detect mutated genes, and clones with mutated genes may not appear on the film if the probe is complementary to the unmutated sequence.
12 Hard
12 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
The taq polymerase enzyme is obtained from:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Thermus aquaticusThermus\,aquaticus
Option A (Thermus aquaticusThermus\,aquaticus) is correct because Taq polymerase, used in PCR, is isolated from this bacterium.
13 Hard
13 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
Which one is associated with downstream processing?

a) Separation b) Purification
c) DNA isolation d) Gene expression
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
a,b
Option A (a,b) is correct because downstream processing involves separation and purification of the desired product.
14 Hard
14 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
When restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of the palindrome sites between the same two base of opposite strands, it produces
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Sticky end
Option A (Sticky end) is correct because restriction enzymes that cut away from the center of the palindrome create overhangs, which are called sticky ends.
15 Hard
15 of 29
Analyzing +4 | -1
Consider the following statements and identify the correct statements
I. While using genes encoding antibiotic resistence as selectable markers, such genes are selected for which host is naturally resistant
II. Restriction site of PvuII is present in ampR\mathrm{amp}^\mathrm{R} gene
III. Ti plasmid is most widely used in gene transfer in all plants
IV. Retroviruses are directly used (unchanged) to deliver desirable genes into animal cells
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
All are incorrect
Option D (All are incorrect) is correct because all the given statements are false regarding the use of antibiotic resistance genes, restriction sites, Ti plasmids, and retroviruses in gene transfer.

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16 Hard
16 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
For transformation with recombinant DNA, the bacterial cells must first be made ‘competent’ which means
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Increase efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium
Option C is correct because making bacterial cells 'competent' means increasing their ability to take up foreign DNA, which is essential for transformation.
17 Hard
17 of 29
Analyzing +4 | -1
Which of the following correct ascending order of the number of the hydrogen bond in different DNA which are given below:

(a) 5'-AATAAAGC-3';\quad 3'-TTATTTCG-5'

(b) 5'-AATGCTGC-3';\quad 3'-TTACGACG-5'

(c) 5'-ATGCTGAT-3';\quad 3'-TACGACTA-5'

(d) 5'-GCATAGCC-3';\quad 3'-CGTATCGG-5'
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
a << c << b << d
Option A (a < c < b < d) is correct because it represents the correct ascending order based on the number of hydrogen bonds in each DNA sequence.
18 Hard
18 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
Palindromic sequence are?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Both 1 and 2
Option A (5′     GAATTC     3′3′     CTTAAG     5′\begin{array}{l} 5'\,\,\,\,\,\mathrm{GAATTC}\,\,\,\,\,3'\\ 3'\,\,\,\,\,\mathrm{CTTAAG}\,\,\,\,\,5' \end{array}) and Option B (5′ CTTAAG 3′3′ GAATTC 5′\begin{array}{l} 5'\,\mathrm{CTTAAG}\,3'\\ 3'\,\mathrm{GAATTC}\,5' \end{array}) are both palindromic sequences when read 5' to 3' on each strand.
19 Hard
19 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
DNA
Option D (DNA) is correct because chilled ethanol is used to precipitate DNA during purification.
20 Hard
20 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
During insertional inactivation, the presence of a chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured colonies if the plasmid in the bacteria does not have an insert. The blue colour is produced by the enzyme
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
β−galactosidase\beta - \mathrm{galactosidase}
Option C (pUC19, PBR322\mathrm{pU}{C^{19}},\,PB{R^{322}}) is correct because pUC19 and pBR322 are widely used and well-characterized artificial plasmids in molecular biology.
21 Hard
21 of 29
Analyzing +4 | -1
Read the following and choose the correct statements
A) First recombinant DNA-Plasmid isolated from Salmonella and tagged with antibiotic resistant gene and cultured in E.coli.
B) EcoRI - It recognises a palindrome with 6 base pairs and 14 hydrogen bonds.
C) pBR 322 - 8 restriction sites for eight types of restriction enzymes, two types of genes for antibiotic resistance, one for gene replication of plasmid (Ori)
D) Copy number - Ori gene that supports the production of more DNA copies
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
A, B, C, D
Option C (A, B, C, D) is correct because all the statements are correct.
22 Hard
22 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
If the gene of interest is ligated at Lac-Z gene in pUC8 vector, then
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Both recombinants and non-recombinants will be ampicillin resistant
Option C (Both recombinants and non-recombinants will be ampicillin resistant) is correct because the pUC8 vector contains an ampicillin resistance gene, which will be present in both recombinant and non-recombinant bacteria.
23 Hard
23 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Ori site
Option C (β−galactosidase\beta - \mathrm{galactosidase}) is correct because β\beta-galactosidase is the enzyme that cleaves the chromogenic substrate, producing a blue color when the insert is absent, indicating a functional lacZ gene.
24 Hard
24 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
A suitable vector for gene cloning in higher organisms is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Retrovirus
Option B (Retrovirus) is correct because retroviruses are commonly used as vectors for gene cloning in higher organisms due to their ability to integrate into the host genome.
25 Hard
25 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
In the vector pBR322, restriction site of Pvu II is present in
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
rop
Option C (rop) is correct because the Pvu II restriction site is located within the rop gene in pBR322.
26 Hard
26 of 29
Analyzing +4 | -1
Arrange the following in the descending order of their number in restriction site of E.coRI
I. Number of hydrogen bonds broken
II. Number of covalent bonds broken
III. Total number of hydrogen bonds
IV. Number of hydrogen bonds left intact after treating with enzyme
V. Number of unpaired nucleotides left at each end of the fragment
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
III, I, IV, V, II
Option C is correct. The correct order is III > I > IV > V > II. The total number of hydrogen bonds is the highest, followed by the number broken, then those remaining intact, then the unpaired nucleotides, and finally the covalent bonds broken (which is the lowest).
27 Hard
27 of 29
Analyzing +4 | -1
Assertion: All expression vectors are cloning
vectors and vice versa.

Reason: Expression vectors have at least the
regulatory sequences i.e., promoters, operators,
ribosomal binding sites, etc. having optimum
function in the chosen control but not origin of
replication.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
If both Assertion and Reason are false
Option D (If both Assertion and Reason are false) is correct because expression vectors are not always cloning vectors, and vice versa, and expression vectors *do* need an origin of replication.
28 Hard
28 of 29
Understanding +4 | -1
The correct sequence of making a cell competent is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Treatment with divalent cations →\to incubation of cells with recombinant DNA on ice →\to heat shock (42∘C)→\left( {42^\circ \mathrm{C}} \right) \to placing on ice
Option A (Treatment with divalent cations →\to incubation of cells with recombinant DNA on ice →\to heat shock (42∘C)→\left( {42^\circ \mathrm{C}} \right) \to placing on ice) is correct because this is the standard protocol for making cells competent for transformation.
29 Hard
29 of 29
Remembering +4 | -1
A genetically manipulated organism containing in its genome one or more inserted gene of another species is called:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Transgenic organism
Option C (Chitinase) is correct because chitinase is used to break down chitin, which is found in fungal cell walls, not bacterial cell walls. Lysozyme, ribonuclease, and protease are used in bacterial DNA extraction.
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