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NEET • CHEMISTRY • GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

General principles and processes of isolation of elements practice · Hard

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31 Hard

31 of 32Question permalink

Remembering +4 | -1

The methods chiefly used for the extraction of lead and tin from their ores are respectively

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Self reduction and carbon reduction

Option A is correct because lead is extracted from its sulfide ore (PbS) by self-reduction, while tin is extracted from its oxide ore (

SnO_2

) by carbon reduction.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Self reduction and carbon reduction. Lead is extracted by self-reduction, and tin is extracted by carbon reduction.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Lead Extraction: Lead is extracted from its sulfide ore (PbS) through a self-reduction process, where the ore is partially oxidized to PbO and $SO_2$ , and then the PbO reacts with remaining PbS to form Pb and $SO_2$ .

Step 2: Tin Extraction: Tin is extracted from its oxide ore ( $SnO_2$ ) by reduction with carbon at high temperatures.

Step 3: Conclusion: Lead is extracted by self-reduction, and tin is extracted by carbon reduction.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Tin is not extracted by electrolytic reduction.
- Option C: Lead is extracted by self-reduction, not carbon reduction.
- Option D: Cyanide process is used for gold and silver, not lead or tin.

Key Concepts:
- Metal Extraction
- Self-Reduction
- Carbon Reduction

Memory Aids:
- Remember that lead undergoes self-reduction and tin uses carbon reduction.

Quick Tips:
- Know the different methods used for extracting various metals.

32 Hard

32 of 32Question permalink

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion: According to ellingam diagram

\mathrm{FeO}

can be easily reduced than

\mathrm{Cu}_2 \mathrm{O}

by carbon.

Reason:

\Delta \mathrm{G}^{\circ}

\mathrm{FeO}

-300 \mathrm{~kJ}

where as that of

\mathrm{Cu}_2 \mathrm{O}

-450 \mathrm{~kJ}

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

If both Assertion & Reason are false

Option D is correct because both the assertion and the reason are false. Ellingham diagrams show that the

\Delta G^\circ

for the formation of FeO is less negative than that of

Cu_2O

, meaning

Cu_2O

is easier to reduce than FeO by carbon. Also, the given

\Delta G^\circ

values are incorrect.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: If both Assertion & Reason are false. The assertion is incorrect because $Cu_2O$ is easier to reduce than $FeO$ by carbon. The reason is also incorrect because the $\Delta G^\circ$ values are wrong.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand Ellingham Diagrams: Ellingham diagrams plot the Gibbs free energy of formation ( $\Delta G^\circ$ ) of metal oxides as a function of temperature. A more negative $\Delta G^\circ$ indicates greater thermodynamic stability.

Step 2: Analyze the Assertion: The assertion states that $FeO$ can be more easily reduced than $Cu_2O$ by carbon. This is incorrect. In an Ellingham diagram, the metal oxide with a less negative (higher) $\Delta G^\circ$ at a given temperature is easier to reduce by carbon.

Step 3: Analyze the Reason: The reason provides $\Delta G^\circ$ values for $FeO$ and $Cu_2O$ . The values given are incorrect based on typical Ellingham diagrams. $Cu_2O$ has a more negative $\Delta G^\circ$ than $FeO$ .

Step 4: Conclusion: Both the assertion and the reason are false.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: This is incorrect because both the assertion and the reason are false.
- Option B: This is incorrect because both the assertion and the reason are false.
- Option C: This is incorrect because both the assertion and the reason are false.
- Option D: This is correct because both the assertion and the reason are false.

Key Concepts:
- Ellingham Diagrams
- Gibbs Free Energy of Formation
- Reduction Potential

Memory Aids:
- Remember that in Ellingham diagrams, a lower line indicates a more stable oxide and a more difficult reduction.

Quick Tips:
- When comparing the reducibility of metal oxides, refer to Ellingham diagrams.

Revision notes and key takeaways

Review GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS in your textbook or class notes, then use this set to check your understanding.

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