Reproductive health practice · Mixed difficulty

Option A (Antisterility vitamin) is correct because Vitamin E is known for its role in reproductive health and is thus called the antisterility vitamin.

Option A (Down’s syndrome) is correct because Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder, not a sexually transmitted disease.

Option A (Prevent gamete motility) is correct because surgical methods like vasectomy and tubectomy prevent the transport of gametes.

Option D (Zygote or early embryo (upto 8 blastomeres) is transferred into fallopian tube) is correct because ZIFT involves transferring a zygote or early embryo (up to 8 blastomeres) into the fallopian tube.

Option A (FSH) is correct because oral contraceptive pills primarily suppress Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to prevent ovulation.

Option C (I, II and III) is correct because an ideal contraceptive should be user-friendly, easily available, and effective, but not necessarily interfering with coitus or expensive.

Option C (Should not interfere with sexual drive) is correct because an ideal contraceptive should not negatively affect a person's sexual drive or libido.

Option C (For increasing effectiveness) is correct because spermicides kill or immobilize sperm, enhancing the contraceptive effect of barrier methods.

Option D (I, II, III and IV) is correct because itching, fluid discharge, slight pain, and swelling are all common early symptoms of most STDs.

Option D (Suppresses sperm motility) is correct because copper ions released from copper-releasing IUDs suppress sperm motility, reducing their ability to fertilize the egg.

Option B (7 billion) is correct because the world human population reached approximately 7 billion in 2011.

Option D (Day 14 to 21 of the menstrual cycle) is the correct answer because ovulation typically occurs around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, and in a 32-day cycle, it would occur later, making days 14-21 the most fertile period.

Option D (Genital warts) is correct because the human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for causing genital warts.

Option A (A-ovulation; B-mucous) is correct because oral contraceptives inhibit ovulation and alter cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry.

Option B (4) is correct because an ideal contraceptive should be effective, user-friendly, easily available, and have the least side effects. Irreversibility and requiring experts for insertion are generally not desirable features.

Option A (National Smallpox Eradication Programme) is the correct expansion of NSEP.

Option A (I, II and III) is correct because IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms, release $Cu^{2+}$ ions to suppress sperm motility, and make the uterus unsuitable for implantation.

Option A (I, II and IV) is correct because avoiding sex with unknown partners, avoiding sex with multiple partners, and avoiding sharing needles are measures to prevent STD transmission. Protected sex is also important but the question asks what measures should be taken to avoid transmission, and protected sex does not guarantee avoidance.

Option B ((A) is true but (R) is false) is correct because while IUDs like copper T are widely accepted in India, they cannot be self-inserted and require professional insertion.

Option A (TRUE) is correct because coitus interruptus, also known as the withdrawal method, is a form of natural contraception.

Option D (a, c and d) is correct because ZIFT can be used if a woman can't produce an ovum (donor ovum can be used), MTPs are safer in the first trimester, and reproductive health includes more than just physical health.

Option C (Both (1) and (2)) is correct because both Artificial Insemination (AI) and Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) can be used when the male partner has a low sperm count.

Option C (Increases contraceptive efficiency) is correct because spermicidal creams, jellies, and foams increase the effectiveness of barrier methods by killing or immobilizing sperm.

Option C (Growth rate) is correct because the growth rate can be negative if the death rate exceeds the birth rate.

Option A (Trichomonas vaginalis - Leishmaniasis) is not correctly matched because Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, while Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites transmitted by sandflies.

Option B (If both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A) is correct because both statements are true, but the reason doesn't directly explain why overpopulation is a serious problem.

Option C (Irreversible) is correct because an ideal contraceptive should be reversible, allowing for future fertility if desired.

Option B (I, III, V and VI) is correct because Saheli was developed at CDRI Lucknow, is a 'once-a-week' pill, has high contraceptive value, and very few side effects.

Option B (Blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted) is correct because Saheli is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing implantation.

Option C (Examination of the sex of the fetus leading to increase in female foeticide) is correct because while amniocentesis can reveal the sex of the fetus, its use for sex selection and subsequent female foeticide is an unethical and illegal misuse of the procedure.