Plant kingdom practice · Medium

Option D (Gametophyte) is correct because the dominant plant body in Bryophytes is the gametophyte, which is the haploid stage.

Option B (Spores $\to$ Sporangia $\to$ Sporophylls $\to$ Strobilli) is correct because spores are produced inside sporangia, which are borne on sporophylls, and sporophylls are aggregated into strobili.

Option D (Apophysis) is the correct answer because stomata in Funaria are located on the apophysis of the capsule.

Option B (Pteridophyta) is correct because pteridophytes possess vascular tissue and reproduce via spores, but lack seeds.

Option A (Always dioecious) is correct because in heterosporous pteridophytes, the gametophytes are either male or female, hence dioecious.

Option B (Diplontic life- Haploid phase is highly reduced cycle) is correct because in a diplontic life cycle, the haploid phase is indeed highly reduced.

Option B (It is hygroscopic) is correct because moss peat has a high water-holding capacity (hygroscopic), making it suitable for packing materials to keep plants moist.

The correct answer is D (I, II and III) because all three statements accurately describe characteristics of Marchantia: its thallus-like plant body, differentiated sporophyte, and gemma cups.

Option A (Evolutionary relationship of organism) is correct because phylogenetic classification is based on the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.

Option D (All of these) is correct because needle-like leaves, thick cuticle, and sunken stomata are all adaptations that help conifers survive in harsh environments.

Option C is correct because Spirogyra chloroplasts are ribbon-shaped and have a smooth margin.

Option D (Archegonia is absent) is correct because Cycas possesses archegonia as a part of its female reproductive structure.

Option D (There sporophytes is attached to the gametophyte) is correct because the sporophyte in bryophytes is nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.

Option B (Monoecious) is correct because homosporous pteridophytes typically have gametophytes that bear both male and female sex organs.

Option D (i, ii, iii) is correct because Volvox, Spirogyra, and Chlamydomonas all have a haplontic life cycle where the zygote is the only diploid stage.

Option B (Vasculature) is correct because pteridophytes have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), while bryophytes do not.

Option B (Well developed vascular system) is correct because pteridophytes have xylem and phloem, while mosses/bryophytes lack a well-developed vascular system.

Option A is correct because Spirogyra, a filamentous green alga, is commonly known as pond silk due to its silky texture.

Option C (Floridean starch – stored food of brown algae) is not correctly matched because floridean starch is the stored food of red algae, not brown algae.

Option C (Not having any flagellate stage) is correct because red algae uniquely lack flagellated stages in their life cycle, unlike green and brown algae.

Option D (If both Assertion and Reason are false) is correct. Gymnosperms have stomata, but they are often sunken, and the cuticle is thick, not thin.

Option C (These plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction) is correct because bryophytes require water for the sperm to swim to the egg during fertilization, even though they can survive on land.

Option C (Both explanations are correct) is correct because algae groups have characteristic colors due to the predominance of specific pigments.

Option A (b and c are correct) is correct because Selaginella is heterosporous and Salvinia is an aquatic plant.

Option B is correct because both statements are true: Algin is indeed obtained from algae, and Vinblastin is a secondary metabolite, but the two facts are unrelated.

Option D (Self-fertilization is prevented) is correct because if antherozoids and eggs mature at different times, self-fertilization is avoided, promoting cross-fertilization.

Option B (80) is correct because in both angiosperms and gymnosperms, each zygote requires one egg and one sperm, and each egg and sperm requires one meiosis. For 64 zygotes, 64 eggs and 64 sperms are needed, thus 64 + 16 = 80 meiosis in angiosperms (64 for eggs, 16 for pollen grains) and 64 + 64 = 128 meiosis in gymnosperms (64 for eggs, 64 for pollen grains). However, the question asks only about the number of meiosis for the formation of 64 zygotes, which is 64 for eggs and 16 for pollen grains in angiosperms and 64 for eggs and 16 for pollen grains in gymnosperms. Therefore, the number of meiosis for the formation of 64 zygotes is 80 in angiosperms and 80 in gymnosperms.

Option A is correct because in gymnosperms, the nucellus (the megasporangium) is surrounded by one or two integuments, and the entire structure is called the ovule.

Option D (Volvox - Colonial form, non-flagellated) is not correctly matched because Volvox is a colonial form of algae, but each individual cell within the colony *is* flagellated, allowing the colony to move.

Option A (Bryophyte) is correct because Sphaerocarpus is a genus of liverworts, which are classified as bryophytes.