PLANT KINGDOM MCQs for NEET UG BIOLOGY — Hard, Page 4

91 Hard

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Botanical name of sanjeevani is:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Selaginella bryopteris

Option B (Selaginella bryopteris) is correct because it is the scientifically recognized botanical name for Sanjeevani.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Selaginella bryopteris. This is the correct botanical name for Sanjeevani.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: The question asks for the botanical name of Sanjeevani.

Step 2: Recall the botanical names of the given options.

Step 3: Identify the correct botanical name.

Step 4: The correct botanical name of Sanjeevani is Selaginella bryopteris.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Selaginella chrysocaulos is not the correct botanical name for Sanjeevani.
- Option C: Selaginella chrysorhizos is not the correct botanical name for Sanjeevani.
- Option D: Since option B is correct, this option is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Botanical nomenclature
- Plant taxonomy

Memory Aids:
- Remember that botanical names are often Latinized and consist of two parts: genus and species.

Quick Tips:
- Memorize the botanical names of common medicinal plants.

92 Hard

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Sporophytic generation is dominant phase in the life cycle of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Ferns

Option B (Ferns) is correct because ferns have a dominant sporophytic generation in their life cycle, with the gametophyte being a small, independent prothallus.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Ferns. The sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of ferns.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define Sporophytic generation.

Step 2: Recall the life cycles of different plant groups.

Step 3: Marchentia (a liverwort) has a dominant gametophyte generation.

Step 4: Mosses have a dominant gametophyte generation.

Step 5: Liverworts have a dominant gametophyte generation.

Step 6: Ferns have a dominant sporophyte generation.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Marchentia - Incorrect. It has a dominant gametophyte generation.
- Option B: Ferns - Correct. It has a dominant sporophyte generation.
- Option C: Mosses - Incorrect. It has a dominant gametophyte generation.
- Option D: Liverworts - Incorrect. It has a dominant gametophyte generation.

Key Concepts:
- Sporophytic generation
- Gametophytic generation
- Marchentia
- Ferns
- Mosses
- Liverworts

Memory Aids:
- Remember that Ferns have a dominant sporophyte generation.

Quick Tips:
- Focus on the life cycle patterns of different plant groups.

93 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

[A]: Rhizophore is considered to be stem structure.

[R]: Rhizophore develops from angle meristem present between the two branches of stem.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A) is correct because Rhizophore is indeed considered a stem structure, and its origin from the angle meristem between stem branches supports this classification.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. The rhizophore is a stem structure originating from the angle meristem.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define rhizophore.

Step 2: Determine if the assertion is true.

Step 3: Determine if the reason is true.

Step 4: Determine if the reason explains the assertion.

Step 5: The assertion is true: Rhizophore is considered a stem structure.

Step 6: The reason is true: Rhizophore develops from the angle meristem.

Step 7: The reason correctly explains why the rhizophore is considered a stem structure.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: The reason is the correct explanation.
- Option C: Both A and R are true.
- Option D: Both A and R are true.

Key Concepts:
- Rhizophore
- Stem structure
- Angle meristem

Memory Aids:
- Rhizophore = Stem, Angle meristem origin

Quick Tips:
- Understand the origin and structure of plant parts.

94 Hard

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Which of the following plants are completely Homosporous _______

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Both 1 and 2

Option D (Both 1 and 2) is correct because both algae and bryophytes can exhibit homospory, where all spores are of the same type.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both 1 and 2. Algae and Bryophytes can be homosporous.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define homosporous: Producing only one type of spore.

Step 2: Consider the spore production in algae, bryophytes, and pteridophytes.

Step 3: Many algae are homosporous.

Step 4: Many bryophytes are also homosporous.

Step 5: Some pteridophytes are homosporous, while others are heterosporous.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Algae: While many algae are homosporous, this is not the only correct answer.
- Option B: Bryophytes: While many bryophytes are homosporous, this is not the only correct answer.
- Option C: Pteridophytes: Some pteridophytes are heterosporous, so they are not *completely* homosporous.

Key Concepts:
- Homospory
- Spore production in plants

Memory Aids:
- Homosporous = Same spore

Quick Tips:
- Remember that homospory means producing only one type of spore.

95 Hard

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[A]: A phylogenetic system of classification is also a natural system.

[R]: In both types of classification, plants presumed to be related are grouped together.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A) is correct because a phylogenetic system is a natural system, and both group related plants together based on evolutionary history.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Phylogenetic systems are natural systems because they group related plants together.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze Assertion (A): A phylogenetic system of classification is also a natural system. This is true because phylogenetic systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships, which is a fundamental aspect of natural classification.

Step 2: Analyze Reason (R): In both types of classification, plants presumed to be related are grouped together. This is also true. Both phylogenetic and natural systems group organisms based on relatedness.

Step 3: Determine if R explains A: The reason (R) directly explains why the assertion (A) is true. Phylogenetic systems are natural because they group related plants.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: R is the correct explanation of A.
- Option C: Both A and R are true.
- Option D: Both A and R are true.

Key Concepts:
- Phylogenetic classification
- Natural classification
- Evolutionary relationships

Memory Aids:
- Phylogenetic = Evolutionary relationships = Natural system

Quick Tips:
- Understand the relationship between phylogenetic and natural classification.

96 Hard

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Non-flagellated isogamy seen in algae is ______

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Spirogyra

Option A (Spirogyra) is correct because Spirogyra exhibits isogamy with non-flagellated gametes, where the fusing gametes are similar in size and lack flagella.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Spirogyra. Spirogyra shows non-flagellated isogamy.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define isogamy: Fusion of morphologically similar gametes.

Step 2: Define flagellated and non-flagellated gametes.

Step 3: Chlamydomonas can exhibit isogamy, but the gametes are flagellated.

Step 4: Volvox exhibits oogamy, where the female gamete is large and non-motile, and the male gamete is small and motile.

Step 5: Spirogyra exhibits isogamy with non-flagellated gametes.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Chlamydomonas: Chlamydomonas exhibits flagellated isogamy.
- Option C: Volvox: Volvox exhibits oogamy.
- Option D: All: Only Spirogyra fits the description.

Key Concepts:
- Isogamy, anisogamy, oogamy
- Gamete types in algae

Memory Aids:
- Spirogyra = No flagella, same size

Quick Tips:
- Remember that Spirogyra's gametes lack flagella.

97 Hard

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Consider the following statements regarding gymnosperms and choose the correct option.
I. In gymnosperms, the male and female gametophytes have an independent existence.
II. The multicellular female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium.
III. The gymnosperms are hterosporous.
Of these statements

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

II and III are true but I is false

Option D (II and III are true but I is false) is correct because in gymnosperms, the male gametophyte is dependent, the female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium, and gymnosperms are heterosporous.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: II and III are true but I is false. In gymnosperms, the male gametophyte is dependent, the female gametophyte is retained, and they are heterosporous.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the characteristics of gymnosperms.

Step 2: Understand that gymnosperms are heterosporous, producing two types of spores.

Step 3: Recognize that the female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium.

Step 4: Understand that the male gametophyte is dependent on the sporophyte.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Statement I is false, so this option is incorrect.
- Option B: Statement I is false, so this option is incorrect.
- Option C: Statement I is false, so this option is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Gymnosperm characteristics
- Heterospory
- Gametophyte dependence

Memory Aids:
- Remember heterosporous and retained female gametophyte for gymnosperms.

Quick Tips:
- Focus on the reproductive characteristics of gymnosperms.

98 Hard

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All of the following have directly evolved from Psilophyton, except

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Seed ferns

Option D (Seed ferns) is correct because ferns, ginkgos, and conifers directly evolved from Psilophyton, while seed ferns are a separate evolutionary lineage.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Seed ferns. Seed ferns did not directly evolve from Psilophyton.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Identify the evolutionary lineage of plants.

Step 2: Recall that Psilophyton is an early vascular plant.

Step 3: Consider the evolutionary relationships between Psilophyton and the given options.

Step 4: Ferns, Ginkgos, and Conifers are known to have evolved from Psilophyton or similar early vascular plants.

Step 5: Seed ferns represent a distinct evolutionary line and did not directly evolve from Psilophyton.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Ferns evolved from early vascular plants like Psilophyton.
- Option B: Ginkgos evolved from early vascular plants like Psilophyton.
- Option C: Conifers evolved from early vascular plants like Psilophyton.
- Option D: Seed ferns are a separate evolutionary lineage and did not directly evolve from Psilophyton.

Key Concepts:
- Plant evolution
- Vascular plants
- Psilophyton
- Evolutionary lineages

Memory Aids:
- Remember that Psilophyton is an early vascular plant and consider the evolutionary relationships.

Quick Tips:
- Focus on the evolutionary relationships between different plant groups.

99 Hard

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[A]: In Selaginella/Pteris reduction division occurs during microspore formation only.

[R]: It was first shown by Zacharis and Strasburger in 1963.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Both A and R are false

Option D (Both A and R are false) is correct because reduction division (meiosis) occurs during spore formation in both Selaginella and Pteris, and the statement about Zacharis and Strasburger is irrelevant and likely incorrect.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are false because meiosis occurs during spore formation and the statement about Zacharis and Strasburger is incorrect.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Evaluate the assertion: In Selaginella/Pteris reduction division occurs during microspore formation only. This is incorrect; reduction division (meiosis) occurs during spore formation in general.

Step 2: Evaluate the reason: It was first shown by Zacharis and Strasburger in 1963. This statement is likely incorrect and irrelevant to the process of meiosis during spore formation.

Step 3: Determine the correct option based on the evaluation of the assertion and reason.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Both assertion and reason are not true.
- Option B: Both assertion and reason are not true.
- Option C: The assertion is not true.

Key Concepts:
- Meiosis (Reduction Division)
- Spore Formation
- Plant Life Cycles

Memory Aids:
- Meiosis always precedes spore formation in plants.

Quick Tips:
- Remember that meiosis is essential for producing haploid spores.

100 Hard

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The thallus of Volvox is called

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Coenobium

Option B is correct because the colony of Volvox, consisting of many individual cells, is called a coenobium.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Coenobium. The thallus of Volvox is called a coenobium.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Define coenobium: A colony of algae with a fixed number of cells arranged in a specific manner.
Step 2: Recall that Volvox is a colonial alga that forms a coenobium.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Trichome is a filament of cells, often in cyanobacteria.
- Option C: Coenocytes are multinucleate cells.
- Option D: Parenchymatous refers to a type of plant tissue.

Key Concepts:
- Coenobium
- Colonial algae
- Volvox structure

Memory Aids:
- Volvox forms a \"community,\" which is like a coenobium.

Quick Tips:
- Know the different types of algal colonies and their terminology.

101 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Consider the following statements about bryophytes
I. Sexual reproduction is oogamous type
II. The sex organs are multicellular and jacketed with sterile jacket
III. The haploid gametophytes is dominant stage in the life cycle bryophytes
Which of the statements given above are correct?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

I, II and III

Option D (I, II and III) is correct because all three statements accurately describe characteristics of bryophytes: their sexual reproduction is oogamous, their sex organs are multicellular and jacketed, and their gametophyte is the dominant stage.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I, II and III. All three statements accurately describe bryophyte characteristics.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze statement I: Sexual reproduction in bryophytes is indeed oogamous, involving a large, non-motile egg and a smaller, motile sperm.

Step 2: Analyze statement II: Bryophyte sex organs (antheridia and archegonia) are multicellular and surrounded by a sterile jacket layer.

Step 3: Analyze statement III: The haploid gametophyte is the dominant and most conspicuous stage in the bryophyte life cycle.

Step 4: Determine the correct combination: All three statements are correct.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Incorrect because statement III is also correct.
- Option B: Incorrect because statement II is also correct.
- Option C: Incorrect because statement I is also correct.

Key Concepts:
- Bryophyte characteristics
- Oogamous reproduction
- Gametophyte dominance
- Sex organ structure

Memory Aids:
- Remember that bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte and require water for fertilization.

Quick Tips:
- Consider each statement individually and then combine the correct ones.

102 Hard

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Which of the following is a member of Phaeophyceae?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Laminaria

Option C (Laminaria) is correct because Laminaria is a well-known genus of brown algae, which belongs to the class Phaeophyceae.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Laminaria is a member of Phaeophyceae because it is a type of brown algae.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the characteristics of Phaeophyceae (brown algae).

Step 2: Phaeophyceae includes brown algae with chlorophyll a, c, fucoxanthin, and laminarin or mannitol as food storage.

Step 3: Laminaria is a genus of brown algae.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Volvox belongs to Chlorophyceae (green algae).
- Option B: Porphyra belongs to Rhodophyceae (red algae).
- Option D: Chara belongs to Chlorophyceae (green algae).

Key Concepts:
- Classification of algae
- Characteristics of Phaeophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Rhodophyceae

Memory Aids:
- Phaeophyceae = Brown Algae
- Chlorophyceae = Green Algae
- Rhodophyceae = Red Algae

Quick Tips:
- Remember the key examples of each class of algae.

103 Hard

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Which of the following plant cells is not surrounded by a cell wall?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Gamete cell

Option C (Gamete cell) is correct because gametes in plants (and animals) lack a cell wall, facilitating fusion during fertilization.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Gamete cell. Gamete cells (sperm and egg) do not have a cell wall to facilitate fertilization.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the structure of plant cells.\nPlant cells typically have a cell wall made of cellulose, providing structural support and protection.

Step 2: Consider the function of gametes.\nGametes (sperm and egg cells) are involved in sexual reproduction. For fertilization to occur, the gametes must fuse. A cell wall would hinder this fusion process.

Step 3: Identify the cell without a cell wall.\nGametes are specialized cells that lack a cell wall to allow for fusion during fertilization.

Step 4: Conclusion.\nTherefore, the correct answer is Gamete cell.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Root hair cells are plant cells and have a cell wall.
- Option B: Stem hair cells are plant cells and have a cell wall.
- Option D: Bacterial cells have a cell wall (though made of peptidoglycan, not cellulose).

Key Concepts:
- Cell wall structure and function
- Gamete structure and function
- Fertilization

Memory Aids:
- Remember that gametes need to fuse, and a cell wall would prevent this.

Quick Tips:
- Consider the function of the cell when determining its structure.

104 Hard

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Transfer of pollen grain from anther to the stigma of ovary is called

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Pollination

Option B (Pollination) is correct because pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the definition of pollination.

Step 2: Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther (male part of the flower) to the stigma (female part of the flower).

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Autogamy is a type of self-pollination within the same flower.
- Option C: Syngamy is the fusion of gametes (fertilization), not the transfer of pollen.
- Option D: Allogamy is cross-pollination between different flowers.

Key Concepts:
- Pollination
- Anther
- Stigma
- Angiosperm reproduction

Memory Aids:
- Pollination = pollen transfer.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the difference between pollination and fertilization.

105 Hard

105 of 105

Remembering +4 | -1

Cleavage polyembryony occurs in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Pinus

Option A (Pinus) is correct because cleavage polyembryony, where multiple embryos develop from a single zygote, is a characteristic feature of Pinus.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Pinus. Cleavage polyembryony is a characteristic feature of Pinus.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define cleavage polyembryony.

Step 2: Recall the reproductive characteristics of Pinus, Mini Cycas, Cycas, and Ephedra.

Step 3: Identify the plant group where cleavage polyembryony occurs.

Step 4: Conclude that cleavage polyembryony occurs in Pinus.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Mini Cycas is not a recognized plant name.
- Option C: Cycas does not exhibit cleavage polyembryony.
- Option D: Ephedra does not exhibit cleavage polyembryony.

Key Concepts:
- Cleavage polyembryony
- Pinus reproduction

Memory Aids:
- Pinus = Polyembryony

Quick Tips:
- Remember that polyembryony is common in gymnosperms, especially Pinus.

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