Plant kingdom practice · Mixed difficulty

Option B is correct because 'Chilgoza' is produced by Pinus gerardiana, a gymnosperm known for its edible seeds.

Option A (Carpel or pistil) is correct because the carpel (or pistil) is the female reproductive organ in a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Option C (Gracilaria) is correct because agar, used to grow microbes and in ice-creams and jellies, is obtained from Gracilaria (a red algae).

Option C (Both statements A and B are correct) is correct. Pinus is monoecious, Cycas is dioecious, and gymnosperms have a haploid endosperm.

Option B is correct because bryophytes lack true roots, stems, and leaves, instead possessing root-like (rhizoids), leaf-like, and stem-like structures.

Option B (5 chromosomes) is correct because the primary protonema is part of the gametophyte generation, which is haploid. Therefore, it will have the same number of chromosomes as the leaf of Funaria, which is also part of the gametophyte.

Option B (Cycas) is correct because coralloid roots of Cycas have a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Option C (Sargassum –Chl b) is the mismatch because Sargassum contains chlorophyll a and c, and fucoxanthin, but not chlorophyll b.

Option D (Marchantia) is correct because Marchantia is a dioecious bryophyte, meaning male and female sex organs are on separate plants.

Option A (Salvinia) is correct because it produces two types of spores (microspores and megaspores), leading to the development of male and female gametophytes, respectively.

Option B (Fusion of one male gamete with the egg) is correct because fertilization is defined as the fusion of male and female gametes.

Option A (Generation that produces the gametes) is correct because the gametophytic stage is the haploid generation that produces gametes.

Option A (One is functional) is correct because in Spirogyra, after meiosis in the zygote, only one of the four haploid nuclei survives, and the other three degenerate.

Option D is correct because Volvox exhibits oogamous sexual reproduction, where a large, non-motile female gamete (ovum) is fertilized by a smaller, motile male gamete, while the others produce isogametes.

The correct answer is D (2 and 3) because mosses reproduce vegetatively through fragmentation and the development of secondary protonema.

Option C (Endodermal cells) is correct because trabeculae in Selaginella are modified endodermal cells that extend into the air spaces of the stem.

Option C (Pinus) is correct because in Pinus, the gametophyte is dependent on the sporophyte and is not an independent, free-living generation.

Option C (Both Explanations are correct) is correct because both bryophytes and tracheophytes have an embryo stage in their life cycle, and embryophytes are indeed terrestrial plants.

Option B (Sessile, straight, linear-lanceolate) is correct because Cycas leaflets are sessile (without a stalk), straight, and have a linear-lanceolate shape.

Option C (Naked ovule) is correct because gymnosperms are characterized by having naked ovules, which are not enclosed within an ovary.

Option D (Basal region) is correct because rhizoids in Funaria originate from the basal region of the developing gametophyte.

Option B (Blue-green algae) is correct because blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are prokaryotic and lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unlike eukaryotic algae.

Option D is correct because Chlamydomonas exhibits zygotic meiosis, where the zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid vegetative cells.

Option A is correct because walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum) propagates through leaf-tip, where the leaf tip touches the ground and forms a new plantlet.

Option D (Both A and R are false) is correct because water *is* required for fertilization in ferns, and sugars attract antherozoids in *bryophytes*, not ferns.

Option C (Group - Gymnosperms, Embryo - Present, Gametes - Heterogametes, Gametes transfer - Pollen) is correct. Gymnosperms have embryos, heterogametes, and pollen for gamete transfer.

Option B (Gametophyte) is correct because in a haplontic life cycle, the haploid gametophyte is the dominant and often the only multicellular phase.

Option C (Phaeophyceae) is correct because Mannitol is a reserve food material found in Phaeophyceae (brown algae).

Option C (Monoecious gametophyte) is correct because the heart-shaped prothallus in ferns is a gametophyte that bears both male and female sex organs.

Option B (Pteridophyte) is correct because Nephrolepis, commonly known as the sword fern, belongs to the Pteridophyta (fern) group.