MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS MCQs for NEET UG BIOLOGY — Hard, Page 2

31 Hard

Understanding +4 | -1

[A]: For dispersal by wind fruits and seeds should be light.

[R]: So that their buoyancy may help them to fly upto a long distance.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A) is correct because light fruits and seeds are easily dispersed by wind due to their buoyancy.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Light fruits and seeds are dispersed by wind due to their buoyancy.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze the assertion (A): For dispersal by wind, fruits and seeds should be light.

Step 2: Analyze the reason (R): So that their buoyancy may help them to fly up to a long distance.

Step 3: Determine if A is true: Yes, light fruits and seeds are more easily dispersed by wind.

Step 4: Determine if R is true: Yes, buoyancy helps them to travel long distances.

Step 5: Determine if R is the correct explanation of A: Yes, buoyancy is the reason why light fruits and seeds are dispersed by wind.

Step 6: Conclude that both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: R is the correct explanation of A.
- Option C: R is true.
- Option D: Both A and R are true.

Key Concepts:
- Seed dispersal by wind (anemochory)
- Buoyancy

Memory Aids:
- Think of dandelion seeds being carried by the wind.

Quick Tips:
- Consider the relationship between the weight of the seed and its dispersal mechanism.

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Napiform roots are recorded from

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Beet

Option C (Beet) is correct because napiform roots, which are swollen at the top and taper sharply towards the bottom, are found in beet.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Napiform roots are recorded from Beet, characterized by a swollen top and tapering bottom.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define \"napiform roots.\"

Step 2: Understand the shape of napiform roots.

Step 3: Recall examples of plants with napiform roots.

Step 4: Recognize that beet has napiform roots.

Step 5: Conclude that napiform roots are recorded from beet.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Radish has a fusiform root, which tapers at both ends.
- Option B: Carrot has a conical root, which is wider at the top and tapers gradually.
- Option D: Sweet potato has tuberous roots, which are swollen but irregular in shape.

Key Concepts:
- Root modifications
- Napiform roots
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Napiform = Turnip-shaped (though beet is the better example)

Quick Tips:
- Remember the different shapes of modified roots.

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Mature seeds of some plant (such as gram pea and ground nut) and sperm is completely consumed by the embryo. Such seeds are called

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Non-endospermic

Option D (Non-endospermic) is correct because in non-endospermic seeds, the endosperm is completely consumed by the developing embryo during seed development.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Non-endospermic. In these seeds, the endosperm is fully consumed by the developing embryo.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define endospermic and non-endospermic seeds.

Step 2: Endospermic seeds retain endosperm at maturity, while non-endospermic seeds do not.

Step 3: Gram, pea, and groundnut are examples of seeds where the endosperm is consumed during development.

Step 4: Therefore, they are non-endospermic.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Single is not a term related to endosperm consumption.
- Option B: Albuminous is another term for endospermic, which is incorrect.
- Option C: Endospermic seeds retain endosperm, which is the opposite of what the question describes.
- Option D: Non-endospermic seeds have the endosperm completely consumed.

Key Concepts:
- Seed types: Endospermic vs. Non-endospermic
- Endosperm function

Memory Aids:
- Non-endospermic = No endosperm at maturity

Quick Tips:
- Remember examples of endospermic and non-endospermic seeds.

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A student observed 34 inflorescences in Bougainvillea and 42 inflorescences in Poinsettia. Find out the number of flowers in Bougainvillea and the number of female flowers in Poinsettia respectively.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

102 and 42

Option D (102 and 42) is correct because Bougainvillea has cymose inflorescence with each inflorescence having 3 flowers (34 x 3 = 102), and Poinsettia has a cyathium inflorescence with one female flower per inflorescence (42 x 1 = 42).

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: 102 and 42. Bougainvillea has 3 flowers per inflorescence, and Poinsettia has 1 female flower per inflorescence.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the inflorescence types:
- Bougainvillea: Each inflorescence has three flowers.
- Poinsettia: Each inflorescence (cyathium) has one female flower.

Step 2: Calculate the number of flowers in Bougainvillea: 34 inflorescences * 3 flowers/inflorescence = 102 flowers.

Step 3: Calculate the number of female flowers in Poinsettia: 42 inflorescences * 1 female flower/inflorescence = 42 female flowers.

Step 4: Conclude that the number of flowers in Bougainvillea is 102, and the number of female flowers in Poinsettia is 42.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (34 and 126): Incorrect calculation for both Bougainvillea and Poinsettia.
- **Option B (68 and $\infty$ ): Incorrect calculation for Bougainvillea and incorrect assumption for Poinsettia.
- Option C (204 and 164): Incorrect calculation for both Bougainvillea and Poinsettia.

Key Concepts:
- Inflorescence types (cymose, cyathium)
- Flower number per inflorescence

Memory Aids:
- Bougainvillea = 3 flowers
- Poinsettia = 1 female flower

Quick Tips:**
- Remember the characteristic flower number per inflorescence for common plants.

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The type of placentation in which ovary is syncarpous, unilocular and ovules on sutures is called:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Parietal placentation

Option B (Parietal placentation) is correct because parietal placentation involves a syncarpous, unilocular ovary with ovules attached to the inner walls or along ridges.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Parietal placentation. Ovary is syncarpous, unilocular and ovules on sutures.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the question: It asks about the type of placentation given the ovary characteristics.

Step 2: Recall the different types of placentation:
- Apical: Ovules attached at the top of a unilocular ovary.
- Parietal: Ovules attached to the inner walls of a unilocular, syncarpous ovary.
- Marginal: Ovules attached along the margin of a unilocular ovary (characteristic of simple pistil).
- Superficial: Ovules attached to the inner surface of a multilocular ovary.

Step 3: Match the description to the correct type of placentation. Parietal placentation fits the description of a syncarpous, unilocular ovary with ovules on sutures (inner walls).

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Apical placentation has ovules at the top, not on sutures.
- Option C: Marginal placentation is for simple pistils, not syncarpous ovaries.
- Option D: Superficial placentation is for multilocular ovaries, not unilocular.

Key Concepts:
- Placentation
- Parietal placentation
- Ovary types

Memory Aids:
- *Parietal* placentation has ovules on the *periphery* (inner walls).

Quick Tips:
- Remember the key characteristics of each placentation type.

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A compound leaf, which appears as simple leaf due to the suppression of one or two leaflets is found in one of the following plants

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Citrus

Option D (Citrus) is correct because in Citrus, some leaflets of a compound leaf may be suppressed, making it appear as a simple leaf.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Citrus. Citrus can have a compound leaf that appears simple due to leaflet suppression.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall examples of compound leaves that can appear simple.

Step 2: In Citrus, the terminal leaflet may be suppressed, giving the appearance of a simple leaf, but the presence of a winged petiole indicates it is actually a compound leaf.

Step 3: Hardwickia, Parkinsonia, and Coriandrum typically have clearly compound leaves.

Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is Citrus.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Hardwickia has a compound leaf that is easily recognizable as such.
- Option B: Parkinsonia has a bipinnately compound leaf, which is clearly not simple.
- Option C: Coriandrum has a compound leaf that is easily recognizable as such.

Key Concepts:
- Leaf morphology
- Compound leaves

Memory Aids:
- Citrus = Winged petiole, suppressed leaflet

Quick Tips:
- Look for clues like winged petioles to identify compound leaves that appear simple.

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Geocarpic fruits are produced by

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Groundnut

Option C (Groundnut) is correct because groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) produces geocarpic fruits, meaning the fruits develop underground after the flower's pedicel elongates and pushes the developing ovary into the soil.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Groundnut. Groundnut produces geocarpic fruits.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define geocarpy: fruit development underground.

Step 2: Consider the given options and their fruit development.

Step 3: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) develops its fruit underground.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Carrot is a root modification, not a fruit, and it doesn't develop underground after flowering.
- Option B: Onion is a bulb, a stem modification, and its fruits develop above ground.
- Option D: Watermelon fruits develop above ground.

Key Concepts:
- Geocarpy
- Fruit development
- Root and stem modifications

Memory Aids:
- Geo = earth, carpy = fruit, so geocarpy = earth fruit.

Quick Tips:
- Understand the different types of fruit development.

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Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement A: The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure.
Statement B: In maize seed, the outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by aleurone layer.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both the statements A and B are correct

Option C (Both the statements A and B are correct) is correct. The root apex is covered by a root cap, and the aleurone layer separates the embryo from the endosperm in maize seeds.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both the statements A and B are correct. The root is covered by a root cap, and the aleurone layer separates the embryo and endosperm in maize seeds.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze Statement A: The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure. This refers to the root cap, which protects the root apex.

Step 2: Analyze Statement B: In maize seed, the outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by aleurone layer. This is a correct description of maize seed structure.

Step 3: Determine if both statements are correct.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (Only statement A is correct): Statement B is also correct.
- Option B (Only statement B is correct): Statement A is also correct.
- Option D (Both the statements A and B are incorrect): Both statements are correct.

Key Concepts:
- Root anatomy (root cap)
- Seed structure (maize seed, aleurone layer)
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Root cap = Cover
- Aleurone = Layer in maize

Quick Tips:
- Review the structure of roots and seeds.

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Nodulated roots bearing family is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Papilionatae

Option C (Papilionatae) is correct because the Papilionatae (Fabaceae) family is known for having root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Nodulated roots are characteristic of the Papilionatae family due to their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the characteristics of the Papilionatae family.

Step 2: Understand the symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Step 3: Recognize that root nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Step 4: Conclude that nodulated roots are found in the Papilionatae family.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Mimosoideae is a subfamily of Fabaceae, but the general family name is more accurate.
- Option B: Caesalpinoideae is a subfamily of Fabaceae, but the general family name is more accurate.
- Option D: Solanaceae is a different family and does not have nodulated roots.

Key Concepts:
- Root nodules
- Nitrogen fixation
- Papilionatae family (Fabaceae)
- Symbiotic relationships

Memory Aids:
- Legumes = Nodules

Quick Tips:
- Remember that legumes have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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Ovules in Pinus are generally

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Anatropous with one integument

Option B (Anatropous with one integument) is correct because Pinus ovules are anatropous (inverted) and have a single integument.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Anatropous with one integument. Pinus ovules are inverted and possess a single integument.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the structure of gymnosperm ovules, specifically Pinus.

Step 2: Gymnosperm ovules typically have a single integument.

Step 3: Pinus ovules are anatropous, meaning they are inverted during development.

Step 4: Therefore, Pinus ovules are anatropous with one integument.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Pinus ovules have one integument, not four.
- Option C: Pinus ovules are anatropous, not amphitropous, and have one integument, not three.
- Option D: Pinus ovules are anatropous, not orthotropous, and have one integument, not two.

Key Concepts:
- Ovule types: Anatropous, Orthotropous, Amphitropous
- Integument number in gymnosperms

Memory Aids:
- Gymnosperms generally have one integument.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the characteristics of gymnosperm ovules.

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The character can be represented only in floral diagram?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Aestivation of perianth

Option D (Aestivation of perianth) is correct because aestivation, the arrangement of floral parts within a flower bud, is best represented in a floral diagram.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Aestivation of perianth. A floral diagram shows the arrangement of floral parts, including aestivation.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the question. The question asks which character is best represented in a floral diagram.

Step 2: Recall the purpose of a floral diagram. A floral diagram is a schematic representation of a flower's structure, including the arrangement of floral parts.

Step 3: Evaluate the options. Aestivation (valvate, twisted, imbricate, vexillary) is clearly shown in a floral diagram.

Step 4: Fusion, adhesion, and position of the gynoecium can be indicated, but aestivation is most clearly represented.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Fusion of floral parts can be indicated in a floral diagram, but it's not the primary character represented.
- Option B: Position of the gynoecium can be indicated, but it's not the primary character represented.
- Option C: Adhesion of floral parts can be indicated, but it's not the primary character represented.
- Option D: Aestivation is directly and clearly represented in the floral diagram.

Key Concepts:
- Floral diagram
- Aestivation
- Fusion of floral parts
- Adhesion of floral parts
- Position of gynoecium

Memory Aids:
- Floral diagram = arrangement of parts = aestivation.

Quick Tips:
- Visualize a floral diagram and what it shows.

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Which statement is true among the following :

(a) When the stamens are united into more than two bundles this condition is seen in Citrus.

(b) When more than one carpel is present it can be free as in tomato.

(c) Petiole in Australian acacia expands become green and synthesised food.

(d) Irregular symmetry present in canna.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

a, c and d

Option D (a, c and d) is correct because stamens united into more than two bundles are seen in Citrus, petiole in Australian acacia expands and becomes green, and irregular symmetry is present in canna.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: a, c and d. These statements are true regarding the given plant characteristics.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze statement (a): When the stamens are united into more than two bundles this condition is seen in Citrus. This is the condition of polyadelphous stamens, found in Citrus.

Step 2: Analyze statement (b): When more than one carpel is present it can be free as in tomato. In tomato, the carpels are fused (syncarpous), not free (apocarpous).

Step 3: Analyze statement (c): Petiole in Australian acacia expands become green and synthesised food. This is phyllode, a modified petiole performing photosynthesis.

Step 4: Analyze statement (d): Irregular symmetry present in canna. Canna has irregular symmetry (zygomorphic).

Step 5: Conclusion: Statements a, c, and d are correct.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Statement b is incorrect.
- Option B: Statement b is incorrect.
- Option C: Only statement b is correct, but a, c, and d are also correct.

Key Concepts:
- Floral characteristics
- Stamens (polyadelphous)
- Carpel (syncarpous vs. apocarpous)
- Phyllode
- Floral symmetry (irregular/zygomorphic)

Memory Aids:
- Citrus = Polyadelphous.
- Tomato = Fused carpels.
- Acacia = Phyllode.
- Canna = Irregular.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the specific examples for each characteristic.

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Potato family is called

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Solanaceae

Option C (Solanaceae) is correct because the potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family, which is commonly referred to as the potato family.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Solanaceae. The potato family is called Solanaceae.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the common names of plant families.

Step 2: Consider the given options and their associated plants.

Step 3: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Cruciferae is an older name for Brassicaceae (mustard family).
- Option B: Brassicaceae is the mustard family.
- Option D: Poaceae is the grass family.

Key Concepts:
- Plant families and their common names
- Solanaceae family

Memory Aids:
- Potato = Solanaceae.

Quick Tips:
- Memorize the common names of important plant families.

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The nature of a fruit developing from a flower
depends on the type of:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

gynoecium

Option A (gynoecium) is correct because the gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower, which develops into the fruit.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: gynoecium. The gynoecium is the part of the flower that develops into the fruit.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Identify the parts of a flower and their functions.

Step 2: Recall that the gynoecium (pistil) consists of the ovary, style, and stigma. The ovary contains the ovules, which, after fertilization, develop into seeds. The ovary wall develops into the fruit wall (pericarp).

Step 3: The androecium is the male reproductive part (stamens), pollination is the transfer of pollen, and fertilization is the fusion of gametes.

Step 4: Conclude that the gynoecium is directly responsible for fruit development.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil, which is necessary for fertilization but does not directly determine the nature of the fruit.
- Option C: Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to seed formation. While essential for fruit development, it doesn't define the type of fruit.
- Option D: The androecium is the male reproductive part of the flower (stamens) and is involved in pollen production, not fruit development.

Key Concepts:
- Flower structure (gynoecium, androecium, etc.)
- Fruit development
- Pollination and Fertilization

Memory Aids:
- Gyno- = female, Andro- = male
- Gynoecium gives rise to the fruit.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the basic structure of a flower and the function of each part.

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Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following statements are correct? I.When a fruit develops from the inflorescence, it is composite. II.Mesocarp is the edible part in apple. III.Gynobasic style is seen in Ocimum. IV.Hypanthodium is a special type of inflorescence found in Euphorbia species.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

I and III are correct

Option B is correct because statement I (composite fruits develop from inflorescences) and statement III (gynobasic style in Ocimum) are correct.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I and III are correct. Composite fruits develop from inflorescences, and Ocimum has a gynobasic style.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Evaluate each statement individually.

Step 2: Determine if each statement is true or false.

Step 3: Identify the correct combination of statements.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Statement IV is incorrect because hypanthodium is found in Ficus, not Euphorbia.
- Option B: Statement I and III are correct.
- Option C: Statement II is incorrect because the edible part of apple is the thalamus (false fruit).
- Option D: Statements II and IV are incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Fruit development
- Inflorescence types
- Style types

Memory Aids:
- Composite Fruits = Inflorescence
- Gynobasic Style = Ocimum

Quick Tips:
- Remember examples of plants with different fruit types and style types.

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Australian Acacia, Turmeric, Zaminkind, Neerium, Cacti, Pea, Pistia, Chrysanthemum, Nepenthis, Pine Apple and garlic, out of these how many of them exhibit leaf modifications

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

5

Option C (5) is correct because Australian Acacia, Cacti, Pea, Nepenthis, and Pine Apple exhibit leaf modifications.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: 5. The correct answer is 5 because only 5 of the listed plants exhibit leaf modifications.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Identify the plants from the list that exhibit leaf modifications.

Step 2: List the plants with leaf modifications:
- Australian Acacia (phyllodes are modified petioles)
- Cacti (spines are modified leaves)
- Pea (tendrils are modified leaflets)
- Nepenthes (pitcher is a modified leaf)
- Pine Apple (spiny leaf margins)

Step 3: Count the number of plants identified in Step 2. The count is 5.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (6): This is incorrect because it includes a plant that does not have leaf modifications.
- Option B (11): This is incorrect because it includes many plants that do not have leaf modifications.
- Option D (7): This is incorrect because it includes plants that do not have leaf modifications.

Key Concepts:
- Leaf modifications in plants
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Remember common examples of leaf modifications like spines in cacti and tendrils in peas.

Quick Tips:
- Review plant morphology and leaf modifications to easily identify such examples.

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Assertion: The mesocarp of drupe is edible in all cases.
Reason: Coconut is a fibrous drupe.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

If the assertion is false but reason is true

Option D (If the assertion is false but reason is true) is correct because the mesocarp of drupes is not always edible (e.g., coconut), but the reason that coconut is a fibrous drupe is true.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: If the assertion is false but reason is true. The mesocarp of drupes is not always edible, but coconut is a fibrous drupe.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze the assertion: The mesocarp of drupe is edible in all cases. This is false. For example, in coconut, the mesocarp is fibrous and not edible.

Step 2: Analyze the reason: Coconut is a fibrous drupe. This is true. The mesocarp of coconut is indeed fibrous.

Step 3: Determine the relationship between the assertion and the reason. The reason does not explain the assertion, and the assertion is false.

Step 4: Conclude that the assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion): The assertion is false.
- Option B (If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion): The assertion is false.
- Option C (If the assertion is true but the reason is false): The assertion is false, and the reason is true.

Key Concepts:
- Drupe fruit type
- Mesocarp
- Coconut fruit

Memory Aids:
- Drupe = Single seed, fleshy or fibrous mesocarp

Quick Tips:
- Remember examples of drupes with edible and non-edible mesocarps.

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How many leaves are expected on a branch
having 3 nodes in Calotropis?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

6

Option C (6) is correct because Calotropis has opposite phyllotaxy, meaning two leaves arise from each node, and with three nodes, there would be 3 x 2 = 6 leaves.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: 6. Calotropis has opposite phyllotaxy, so two leaves per node.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Identify the phyllotaxy of Calotropis: Opposite.

Step 2: Determine the number of leaves per node: 2 (since it's opposite).

Step 3: Multiply the number of nodes by the number of leaves per node: 3 nodes * 2 leaves/node = 6 leaves.

Step 4: Final Answer: 6

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (15): This is incorrect. It doesn't relate to the phyllotaxy of Calotropis.
- Option B (12): This is incorrect. It doesn't relate to the phyllotaxy of Calotropis.
- Option D (3): This is incorrect. It assumes only one leaf per node, which is not the case for opposite phyllotaxy.

Key Concepts:
- Phyllotaxy (arrangement of leaves on a stem)
- Opposite phyllotaxy

Memory Aids:
- Opposite = Two leaves per node

Quick Tips:
- Remember the different types of phyllotaxy (alternate, opposite, whorled) and the number of leaves associated with each.

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Assertion: Adventitious roots develop from any part of plants
Reason: In such plants, tap root is not developed

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Assertion is true but reason is false

Option A (Both Assertion and Reason are true) is incorrect. The assertion is true, but the reason is false. Adventitious roots can develop from any part of the plant, but the absence of a tap root is not the reason.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Assertion is true but reason is false. Adventitious roots can develop from any part of the plant, but their presence is not necessarily due to the absence of a tap root.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze the Assertion: Adventitious roots develop from any part of plants. This is true.

Step 2: Analyze the Reason: In such plants, tap root is not developed. This is not always true. Some plants with adventitious roots may also have a tap root system initially.

Step 3: Determine if both the assertion and the reason are true and if the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (Both Assertion and Reason are true): The reason is false.
- Option B (Both Assertion and Reason are false): The assertion is true.
- Option D (Assertion is false but reason is true): The assertion is true and the reason is false.

Key Concepts:
- Adventitious roots
- Tap root system
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Adventitious = Anywhere (roots can arise from anywhere)

Quick Tips:
- Consider the definition and examples of adventitious roots.

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Pineapple belongs to the family

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Bromeliaceae

Option B (Bromeliaceae) is correct because pineapple is botanically classified under the Bromeliaceae family.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Bromeliaceae. Pineapple belongs to the Bromeliaceae family.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: The question asks for the family to which pineapple belongs.
Step 2: Recall the classification of pineapple.
Step 3: Pineapple is classified under the family Bromeliaceae.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Anacardiaceae is the family to which cashew and mango belong.
- Option C: Moraceae is the family to which figs and mulberries belong.
- Option D: Rutaceae is the family to which citrus fruits like oranges and lemons belong.

Key Concepts:
- Plant taxonomy
- Plant families

Memory Aids:
- Remember "Pine-Brome" to associate Pineapple with Bromeliaceae.

Quick Tips:
- Memorize common plant families and their representative plants.

51 Hard

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____ are the green stems of limited growth which have taken over the function of photosynthesis from level?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Cladodes

The correct answer is B (Cladodes) because cladodes are green stems of limited growth that perform photosynthesis.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Cladodes. Cladodes are stems modified for photosynthesis.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the different types of stem modifications.

Step 2: Recall the function of each type of stem modification.

Step 3: Identify cladodes as the green stems of limited growth that perform photosynthesis.

Step 4: Conclude that the correct answer is cladodes.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Phylloclades are flattened stems that perform photosynthesis, but they are not of limited growth in the same way as cladodes.
- Option C: Phyllodes are modified petioles that perform photosynthesis, not stems.
- Option D: Thorns are sharp, pointed structures that provide protection, not stems modified for photosynthesis.

Key Concepts:
- Stem modifications
- Cladodes
- Photosynthesis

Memory Aids:
- Cladodes = Photosynthetic stems of limited growth

Quick Tips:
- Differentiate between different types of stem modifications based on their structure and function.

52 Hard

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Whorl of small, green structures present around sunflower is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Involucre

Option A (Involucre) is correct because the whorl of small, green structures surrounding a sunflower head is an involucre, which consists of bracts.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Involucre. The whorl of small, green structures around sunflower is involucre.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the question: It asks about the name of the green structures around a sunflower.

Step 2: Recall the different parts of a flower and inflorescence:
- Involucre: A whorl of bracts surrounding a flower head (e.g., sunflower).
- Calyx: The sepals of a flower.
- Epicalyx: An additional whorl of bracts outside the calyx.
- Leaves: Foliage leaves.

Step 3: Identify the correct term. The involucre is the whorl of bracts surrounding the sunflower head.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Calyx refers to the sepals of a single flower, not the structures surrounding the entire sunflower head.
- Option C: Epicalyx is an additional whorl outside the calyx, not the main structure surrounding the sunflower head.
- Option D: Leaves are typically not arranged in a whorl directly beneath the flower head in this manner.

Key Concepts:
- Involucre
- Bracts
- Flower morphology

Memory Aids:
- *Involve* the bracts to *enclose* the sunflower head (Involucre).

Quick Tips:
- Remember that the involucre is a protective structure formed by bracts around a flower head.

53 Hard

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[A]: Above ground stolons produce new plants where nodes touch the ground.

[R]: Rhizomes survive the winter and contribute to asexual reproduction.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Both A and R are false

Option D is correct because above-ground stolons do produce new plants where nodes touch the ground, but rhizomes also survive the winter and contribute to asexual reproduction. Therefore, both statements are false as written.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are false. Stolons do produce new plants at nodes, but the statement is incorrect as written. Rhizomes do survive winter and contribute to asexual reproduction, but the statement is incorrect as written.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze Assertion [A]: Above ground stolons produce new plants where nodes touch the ground.

Step 2: Evaluate Assertion [A]: Stolons do produce new plants at nodes, but the assertion is not entirely accurate as written.

Step 3: Analyze Reason [R]: Rhizomes survive the winter and contribute to asexual reproduction.

Step 4: Evaluate Reason [R]: Rhizomes do survive the winter and contribute to asexual reproduction, but the statement is not entirely accurate as written.

Step 5: Conclusion: Both A and R are false as written.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A: Both statements are not entirely true as written.
- Option B: Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A: Both statements are not entirely true as written.
- Option C: A is true but R is false: Both statements are not entirely true as written.

Key Concepts:
- Plant morphology
- Asexual reproduction
- Stolons
- Rhizomes

Memory Aids:
- Remember the functions of stolons and rhizomes in plant reproduction.

Quick Tips:
- Carefully evaluate each statement for complete accuracy.

54 Hard

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If a fruit is developed from bicarpellary
syncarpus inferior ovary with basal
placentation and with a single ovule, the fruit is
termed as

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

cypsela

Option B (cypsela) is correct because a cypsela is a dry, single-seeded fruit that develops from a bicarpellary, syncarpous, inferior ovary with basal placentation and a single ovule.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: cypsela. Cypsela develops from bicarpellary syncarpous inferior ovary with basal placentation and a single ovule.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the terms: Bicarpellary (two carpels), Syncarpous (fused carpels), Inferior ovary (ovary below the floral parts), Basal placentation (ovule at the base of the ovary), Single ovule (one ovule per ovary).

Step 2: Consider the fruit types: siliqua, cypsela, silicula, and lomentum.

Step 3: Relate the ovary type, placentation, and carpel number to the fruit types. Cypsela fruits (e.g., sunflower) develop from an inferior ovary with basal placentation and are typically bicarpellary and syncarpous.

Step 4: Siliqua and silicula are types of capsules that develop from a superior ovary with parietal placentation. Lomentum is a type of legume that breaks into single-seeded segments.

Step 5: Conclude that cypsela is the correct fruit type.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (siliqua): Siliqua develops from a superior ovary and is characteristic of the Brassicaceae family (mustard family).
- Option C (silicula): Silicula is a short, broad siliqua, also developing from a superior ovary.
- Option D (lomentun): Lomentum is a type of legume that breaks into single-seeded segments and develops from a superior ovary.

Key Concepts:
- Fruit types (siliqua, cypsela, silicula, lomentum)
- Ovary position (Inferior, Superior)
- Placentation (Basal, Parietal)
- Carpel number (Bicarpellary)
- Carpel fusion (Syncarpous)

Memory Aids:
- Cypsela = Composite (Asteraceae) family, inferior ovary

Quick Tips:
- Remember the characteristics of each fruit type and relate them to the ovary position and placentation.

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Assertion: In cymose inflorescence, the main axis ends in a flower, but the lateral axis show continuous growth.
Reason: The arrangement of flower in this inflorescence is centrifugal.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

If the assertion is false but reason is true

Option D is correct because the assertion is false (cymose inflorescence has limited growth) and the reason is true (centrifugal arrangement).

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: If the assertion is false but reason is true. In cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates in a flower, limiting growth, and the arrangement is centrifugal.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define cymose inflorescence.

Step 2: Recall the growth pattern of cymose inflorescence.

Step 3: Determine if the assertion is true or false.

Step 4: Define centrifugal arrangement of flowers.

Step 5: Determine if the reason is true or false.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: The assertion is false.
- Option B: The assertion is false.
- Option C: The assertion is false.
- Option D: The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Key Concepts:
- Cymose inflorescence
- Centrifugal arrangement

Memory Aids:
- Cymose = Limited Growth
- Centrifugal = Center to Periphery

Quick Tips:
- Remember the key characteristics of cymose inflorescence.

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Study the following and choose the correct statements. I.Bulb of Allium cepa is a modified stem. II.Cloves of Allium sativum are fleshy scale leaves. III.Corm of Colocasia is a modified root. IV.Tendril in Vitis vinifera is a modified axillary bud.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

I and II

Option A (I and II) is correct because the bulb of Allium cepa is a modified stem, and the cloves of Allium sativum are fleshy scale leaves.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I and II. Bulb of Allium cepa is a modified stem, and cloves of Allium sativum are fleshy scale leaves.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze each statement about plant modifications.

Step 2: I. Bulb of Allium cepa is a modified stem. This is correct. A bulb is a condensed stem with fleshy leaves.

Step 3: II. Cloves of Allium sativum are fleshy scale leaves. This is correct. The cloves are modified leaves.

Step 4: III. Corm of Colocasia is a modified root. This is incorrect. A corm is a modified stem, not a root.

Step 5: IV. Tendril in Vitis vinifera is a modified axillary bud. This is incorrect. Tendrils in grapes are modified stems or branches, not axillary buds in all cases, some are modified leaves.

Step 6: Conclusion: Statements I and II are correct.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: I and II - Correct because statements I and II are correct.
- Option B: II and IV - Incorrect because statement IV is incorrect.
- Option C: II and III - Incorrect because statement III is incorrect.
- Option D: I and IV - Incorrect because statement IV is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Plant modifications: Stem, Root, Leaf
- Bulbs, Corms, Tendrils
- Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Colocasia, Vitis vinifera (grapevine)

Memory Aids:
- Remember \"SOC\" - Stem Of Corm for Colocasia.

Quick Tips:
- Knowing the different types of plant modifications is helpful.

57 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

In Duranta, the nature of vasculated defensive structures represent the modification of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Axillary bud as in Bougainvillea

Option A is correct because in Duranta, the vasculated defensive structures (thorns) represent the modification of axillary buds, similar to Bougainvillea.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Axillary bud as in Bougainvillea. Thorns in Duranta are modified axillary buds, similar to Bougainvillea.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand that Duranta has vasculated defensive structures, which are thorns.

Step 2: Recall that thorns can be modifications of different plant parts, such as axillary buds, terminal buds, or stipules.

Step 3: Recognize that in Bougainvillea, thorns are modifications of axillary buds.

Step 4: Identify that the thorns in Duranta are also modifications of axillary buds, similar to Bougainvillea.

Step 5: Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is that the vasculated defensive structures in Duranta represent the modification of axillary buds as in Bougainvillea.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Terminal bud as in Carissa: Carissa has thorns that are modifications of terminal buds, but Duranta's thorns are from axillary buds.
- Option C: Stipules as in Acacia: Acacia has thorns that are modifications of stipules, but Duranta's thorns are from axillary buds.
- Option D: Apical bud as in Artabotrys: Artabotrys is known for its modified peduncles into hooks, not thorns from apical buds.

Key Concepts:
- Plant morphology
- Stem modifications
- Axillary buds
- Thorns

Memory Aids:
- Associate Bougainvillea with thorns derived from axillary buds.

Quick Tips:
- Know the different plant parts that can be modified into thorns in various plants.

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58 of 93Question permalink

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Thorn is a stem structure because it

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Develops from axillary bud

Option B is correct because thorns, being modified stems, develop from axillary buds, which are characteristic of stem origin.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Develops from axillary bud. Thorns are modified stems, and stems originate from axillary buds.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand that a thorn can be a modified stem.

Step 2: Recall that stems develop from buds, specifically axillary buds.

Step 3: Connect the two concepts: If a thorn is a modified stem, it must develop from an axillary bud.

Step 4: Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is that a thorn is a stem structure because it develops from an axillary bud.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Develops from trunk: Thorns don't develop directly from the trunk; they arise from buds on the stem.
- Option C: Grows from external surface: This is too general; prickles grow from the external surface, not thorns.
- Option D: Is pointed: Being pointed is a characteristic of a thorn, not the reason it's a stem structure.

Key Concepts:
- Plant morphology
- Stem modifications
- Axillary buds

Memory Aids:
- Remember that stems originate from buds, specifically axillary buds.

Quick Tips:
- Focus on the origin and development of plant structures to understand their nature.

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Which one is correct pair?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Date palm – Mesocarp

Option D (Date palm – Mesocarp) is correct because the edible part of the date palm fruit is the mesocarp.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Date palm – Mesocarp. The edible part of the date palm is the mesocarp.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Consider each pair:
- Tomato – Thalamus: The edible part of a tomato is the pericarp (fruit wall), not the thalamus.
- Maize – Cotyledons: Maize is a monocot, and the primary edible part is the endosperm, not the cotyledons.
- Guava – Mesocarp: The edible part of guava is both the pericarp and the thalamus.
- Date palm – Mesocarp: The edible part of the date palm is the fleshy mesocarp.

Step 2: Identify the correct pair. Only the date palm and mesocarp pairing is accurate.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (Tomato – Thalamus): The edible part of the tomato is the pericarp (fruit wall).
- Option B (Maize – Cotyledons): The edible part of maize is the endosperm.
- Option C (Guava – Mesocarp): While the mesocarp is edible, the thalamus is also a significant edible part of guava.

Key Concepts:
- Fruit parts (pericarp, mesocarp, endocarp, thalamus)
- Edible parts of fruits

Memory Aids:
- Date = Delicious Mesocarp

Quick Tips:
- Remember the different layers of the fruit and which parts are edible for common fruits.

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60 of 93Question permalink

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Root are adventitious depending on their?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Origin

Option B (Origin) is correct because adventitious roots are defined by their origin from parts of the plant other than the radicle.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Adventitious roots are defined by their origin from parts of the plant other than the radicle.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define \"adventitious roots.\"

Step 2: Understand that adventitious roots arise from unusual places.

Step 3: Recall that the radicle is the embryonic root.

Step 4: Recognize that adventitious roots originate from stems, leaves, or other plant parts, not the radicle.

Step 5: Conclude that root are adventitious depending on their origin.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Position is not the defining characteristic of adventitious roots.
- Option C: Structure can vary among roots, but the origin is key for adventitious roots.
- Option D: Function can vary among roots, but the origin is key for adventitious roots.

Key Concepts:
- Adventitious roots
- Root origin
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Adventitious = Arising from unusual places

Quick Tips:
- Remember that adventitious roots are not from the radicle.

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