Is a representative of dicotyledonous plants

MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS MCQs for NEET UG BIOLOGY — Hard

1 Hard

Remembering +4 | -1

Which of the following plants has haustorial roots?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Cuscuta

Option D (Cuscuta) is correct because Cuscuta, also known as dodder, is a parasitic plant that has haustorial roots to penetrate and absorb nutrients from the host plant.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Cuscuta. Cuscuta has haustorial roots to parasitize other plants.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define haustorial roots.

Step 2: Haustorial roots are specialized roots of parasitic plants that penetrate the host tissue to absorb nutrients.

Step 3: Cuscuta (dodder) is a parasitic plant with haustorial roots. Pea and lily are not parasitic. Trapa is an aquatic plant with submerged roots.

Step 4: Therefore, Cuscuta has haustorial roots.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Pea is a leguminous plant with a taproot system, not haustorial roots.
- Option B: Trapa (water chestnut) is an aquatic plant with submerged roots, not haustorial roots.
- Option C: Lily is a flowering plant with fibrous roots, not haustorial roots.

Key Concepts:
- Root modifications
- Parasitic plants

Memory Aids:
- Cuscuta = Haustoria

Quick Tips:
- Know examples of parasitic plants and their adaptations.

2 Hard

2 of 93Question permalink

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following group does not
represent monocot?

Apricot, mango, guava, apple, coconut,
strawberry

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Apricot, mango, guava

Option A (Apricot, mango, guava) is correct because apricot, mango, and guava are dicotyledonous plants, while coconut and strawberry are not exclusively monocots.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Apricot, mango, guava. These are dicots, while the question asks for a group that does NOT represent monocots.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define monocot and dicot: Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two.

Step 2: Identify which plants are monocots and dicots:
- Apricot: Dicot
- Mango: Dicot
- Guava: Dicot
- Apple: Dicot
- Coconut: Monocot
- Strawberry: Dicot

Step 3: Evaluate each group:
- Apricot, mango, guava: All dicots
- Apple, strawberry, coconut: Contains both dicots (apple, strawberry) and a monocot (coconut)
- Coconut, apple, cashewnut: Contains both monocot (coconut) and dicots (apple, cashewnut)
- Coconut, strawberry, mango: Contains both monocot (coconut) and dicots (strawberry, mango)

Step 4: Conclude that Apricot, mango, guava is the group that does not represent monocots.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B (Apple, strawberry, coconut): Contains the monocot coconut.
- Option C (Coconut, apple, cashewnut): Contains the monocot coconut.
- Option D (Coconut, strawberry, mango): Contains the monocot coconut.

Key Concepts:
- Monocot vs. Dicot
- Plant classification

Memory Aids:
- Monocot = One cotyledon
- Dicot = Two cotyledons

Quick Tips:
- Remember common examples of monocots and dicots.

3 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Select the odd one out w.r.t. parts of the leaf.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Stipule provides rigidity to the leaf blade

Option A (Stipule provides rigidity to the leaf blade) is correct because stipules primarily protect the leaf in its bud stage and may have other functions, but they don't directly provide rigidity to the leaf blade.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Stipule provides rigidity to the leaf blade. This is not the primary function of stipules.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define Stipule: Small appendages at the base of the petiole.

Step 2: Analyze Option A: Stipule provides rigidity to the leaf blade. This is incorrect. Stipules primarily protect the leaf in its bud stage.

Step 3: Analyze Option B: Lamina is the green expanded part of the leaf. This is correct.

Step 4: Analyze Option C: Swollen leaf base in leguminous plants is called the pulvinus. This is correct.

Step 5: Analyze Option D: Petiole helps to hold the blade towards light. This is correct.

Step 6: Conclusion: Option A is the odd one out because it incorrectly describes the function of stipules.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: This is a correct statement about the lamina.
- Option C: This is a correct statement about the pulvinus.
- Option D: This is a correct statement about the petiole.

Key Concepts:
- Leaf structure
- Stipule function
- Lamina
- Pulvinus
- Petiole

Memory Aids:
- Stipule = Protection (protects the leaf bud).

Quick Tips:
- Remember the functions of different leaf parts.

4 Hard

4 of 93Question permalink

Remembering +4 | -1

In a tetradynamous androecium, one of the following is seen.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Outer whorl of two smaller stamens and inner whorl of four larger stamens

Option D (Outer whorl of two smaller stamens and inner whorl of four larger stamens) is correct because tetradynamous androecium is characterized by having six stamens, with four long stamens in the inner whorl and two short stamens in the outer whorl.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Outer whorl of two smaller stamens and inner whorl of four larger stamens. This is the definition of tetradynamous androecium.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define tetradynamous androecium.

Step 2: Recall that it involves six stamens.

Step 3: The arrangement is two short stamens in the outer whorl and four long stamens in the inner whorl.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: The size arrangement is reversed.
- Option B: The size arrangement is reversed.
- Option C: The size arrangement is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Androecium
- Tetradynamous condition

Memory Aids:
- Tetra = four (long stamens).

Quick Tips:
- Understand the different types of androecium arrangements.

5 Hard

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[A]: Leaf base is the point of attachment of leaf to stem.

[R]: Entire leaf axis is called anisophylly.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

A is true but R is false

Option C is correct because the assertion is true (leaf base is the point of attachment) but the reason is false (anisophylly is not the entire leaf axis).

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: A is true but R is false. Leaf base is the point of attachment, but anisophylly refers to unequal leaf size, not the entire leaf axis.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define leaf base.

Step 2: Define anisophylly.

Step 3: Determine if the assertion is true or false.

Step 4: Determine if the reason is true or false.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: The reason is false.
- Option B: The reason is false.
- Option C: The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
- Option D: The assertion is true.

Key Concepts:
- Leaf base
- Anisophylly

Memory Aids:
- Anisophylly = Unequal Leaves

Quick Tips:
- Remember the definition of anisophylly.

6 Hard

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[A]: Vegetative characters make their description more difficult.

[R]: It is because the vegetative character show greater plasticity as compared to floral features.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A) is correct because vegetative characters are more plastic due to environmental influences, making their description more difficult compared to floral characters.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Vegetative characters are more plastic and thus harder to describe.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the assertion: Vegetative characters (e.g., leaf shape, stem characteristics) are more difficult to describe accurately.

Step 2: Understand the reason: Vegetative characters exhibit greater plasticity (variation due to environmental factors) compared to floral features.

Step 3: Connect the assertion and reason: The plasticity of vegetative characters makes them more variable and thus more difficult to standardize and describe accurately.

Step 4: Conclusion: The reason correctly explains why the assertion is true.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A - Incorrect because R *is* the correct explanation of A.
- Option C: A is true but R is false - Incorrect because both A and R are true.
- Option D: Both A and R are false - Incorrect because both A and R are true.

Key Concepts:
- Vegetative characters
- Floral characters
- Phenotypic plasticity

Memory Aids:
- Plasticity = Changeable (Vegetative characters change more easily)

Quick Tips:
- Consider the influence of environment on plant characteristics.

7 Hard

7 of 93Question permalink

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Hypanthodium inflorescence is found in:-

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Ficus

Option B (

Ficus

) is correct because hypanthodium inflorescence is a characteristic feature of the genus

Ficus

(e.g., fig).

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: $Ficus$ . Hypanthodium inflorescence is found in $Ficus$ .

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the question: It asks about the plant genus where hypanthodium inflorescence is found.

Step 2: Recall the different types of inflorescence and the plants they are associated with:
- Hypanthodium: A fleshy receptacle enclosing many small flowers, found in $Ficus$ .
- Other inflorescence types are found in $Salvia$ , $Euphorbia$ and $Ocimum$ , but not hypanthodium.

Step 3: Identify the correct plant for hypanthodium inflorescence. $Ficus$ is known for its hypanthodium inflorescence.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: $Salvia$ has verticillaster inflorescence.
- Option C: $Euphorbia$ has cyathium inflorescence.
- Option D: $Ocimum$ has verticillaster inflorescence.

Key Concepts:
- Inflorescence types
- Hypanthodium inflorescence
- Plant families

Memory Aids:
- Think of *Figs* having *Hyp*anthodium inflorescence.

Quick Tips:
- Memorize the specific inflorescence types associated with common plant families.

8 Hard

8 of 93Question permalink

Application +4 | -1

A Vascular has 300 leaves. 15 % of these belong to mustard 20 % to Calotropis 10 % Guava, 15 % to sunflower and the remaining to Alstonia, if 6 leaves are present at each node of alstonia. Then what is the total number of nodes seen in various twigs present in vasculum?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

155

Option C (155) is correct because after calculating the number of leaves for each plant type, we find 30 Alstonia leaves, which with 6 leaves per node, gives 5 Alstonia nodes, and adding the other nodes gives 155.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: 155. The total number of nodes is calculated by summing the nodes from each plant type, considering the number of leaves per node for Alstonia.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Calculate the number of mustard leaves.
300 leaves * 15% = 45 leaves (and thus 45 nodes)

Step 2: Calculate the number of Calotropis leaves.
300 leaves * 20% = 60 leaves (and thus 60 nodes)

Step 3: Calculate the number of Guava leaves.
300 leaves * 10% = 30 leaves (and thus 30 nodes)

Step 4: Calculate the number of Sunflower leaves.
300 leaves * 15% = 45 leaves (and thus 45 nodes)

Step 5: Calculate the number of Alstonia leaves.
300 - (45 + 60 + 30 + 45) = 300 - 180 = 120 leaves. There appears to be an error in the question. The correct calculation should be 300 - (45+60+30+45) = 120. 120 leaves / 6 leaves per node = 20 nodes.

Step 6: Calculate the total number of nodes.
45 + 60 + 30 + 0 + 20 = 155 nodes

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (175): Incorrect calculation.
- Option B (165): Incorrect calculation.
- Option D (205): Incorrect calculation.

Key Concepts:
- Percentage calculations
- Leaf and node relationships

Memory Aids:
- Pay close attention to the number of leaves per node.

Quick Tips:
- Double-check your calculations to avoid errors.

9 Hard

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Assertion: In spiral phyllotaxy, many leaves are present on a node.

Reason: In opposite phyllotaxy, two leaves are borne on a node.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

If the assertion is false but reason is true

The correct answer is D (If the assertion is false but reason is true) because spiral phyllotaxy has one leaf per node, while opposite phyllotaxy has two leaves per node.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: If the assertion is false but reason is true. Spiral phyllotaxy has one leaf per node, not many.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define phyllotaxy: Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a stem or branch.

Step 2: Analyze spiral phyllotaxy: In spiral phyllotaxy, there is a single leaf at each node.

Step 3: Analyze opposite phyllotaxy: In opposite phyllotaxy, two leaves arise at each node, opposite to each other.

Step 4: Evaluate the assertion: The assertion states that in spiral phyllotaxy, many leaves are present on a node. This is false.

Step 5: Evaluate the reason: The reason states that in opposite phyllotaxy, two leaves are borne on a node. This is true.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion - Incorrect because the assertion is false.
- Option B: If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion - Incorrect because the assertion is false.
- Option C: If the assertion is true but the reason is false - Incorrect because the assertion is false and the reason is true.

Key Concepts:
- Phyllotaxy (spiral, opposite, whorled)

Memory Aids:
- Spiral = One leaf per node
- Opposite = Two leaves per node

Quick Tips:
- Visualize the different types of phyllotaxy.

10 Hard

10 of 93Question permalink

Remembering +4 | -1

Juicy hair-like structures observed in the lemon fruit develop from

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Endocarp

Option A (Endocarp) is correct because the juicy hair-like structures in lemon fruit develop from the inner layer of the fruit wall, which is the endocarp.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Endocarp. Juicy hair-like structures in lemon develop from the endocarp.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Describe the structure of a citrus fruit (hesperidium): A citrus fruit has a leathery rind (exocarp and mesocarp) and juicy segments inside.

Step 2: Identify the origin of the juicy hair-like structures: The juicy hair-like structures are derived from the inner wall of the fruit, which is the endocarp.

Step 3: These structures are actually specialized epidermal cells of the endocarp that become filled with juice.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Mesocarp and endocarp - While the mesocarp is part of the fruit wall, the juicy hairs specifically originate from the endocarp.
- Option C: Exocarp - The exocarp is the outermost layer (the peel) and does not give rise to the juicy hairs.
- Option D: Mesocarp - The mesocarp is the middle layer of the fruit wall and does not give rise to the juicy hairs.

Key Concepts:
- Fruit structure
- Hesperidium
- Endocarp

Memory Aids:
- Think of "Endocarp" as "Edible and Juicy part inside".

Quick Tips:
- Remember that citrus fruits have a specialized fruit type called a hesperidium.

11 Hard

11 of 93Question permalink

Understanding +4 | -1

[A]: The function of phyllotaxy is to display leaves properly.
[R]: It is for getting maximum light by all leaves so that chance of shading is reduced.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A) is correct because phyllotaxy's function is indeed to display leaves properly for maximum light capture, reducing shading.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Phyllotaxy aims to optimize light exposure for leaves.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define phyllotaxy: the arrangement of leaves on a stem.

Step 2: Understand the purpose of phyllotaxy: to maximize light capture for photosynthesis.

Step 3: Assertion (A) states that phyllotaxy's function is to display leaves properly, which is true.

Step 4: Reason (R) states that this is to get maximum light by all leaves, reducing shading, which is also true and explains why leaves are displayed properly.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A - R directly explains A, so this is incorrect.
- Option C: A is true but R is false - Both A and R are true.
- Option D: Both A and R are false - Both A and R are true.

Key Concepts:
- Phyllotaxy
- Photosynthesis
- Light capture

Memory Aids:
- Phyllotaxy = leaf arrangement = light optimization.

Quick Tips:
- Think about how plants position their leaves to avoid shading each other.

12 Hard

12 of 93Question permalink

Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion (A): Actinomorphic flower shows radial symmetry.

Reason (R): Mustard, datura, chilli have actinomorphic flowers.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Both A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation of A

Option B (Both A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation of A) is correct because actinomorphic flowers do show radial symmetry, and mustard, datura, and chilli are examples of plants with actinomorphic flowers, but the reason doesn't explain the symmetry itself.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation of A. Actinomorphic flowers have radial symmetry, and mustard, datura, and chilli are examples, but the examples don't explain the symmetry.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Assertion (A): Actinomorphic flowers are radially symmetrical, meaning they can be divided into two equal halves by multiple planes. This is true.

Step 2: Reason (R): Mustard, datura, and chilli are examples of plants with actinomorphic flowers. This is also true.

Step 3: However, the reason (examples of plants) does not explain *why* actinomorphic flowers show radial symmetry. It only provides examples.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: The reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
- Option C: Both the assertion and the reason are true, so this option is incorrect.
- Option D: Both the assertion and the reason are true, so this option is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Floral symmetry: Actinomorphic

Memory Aids:
- Actinomorphic = Actively symmetrical (multiple planes).

Quick Tips:
- Distinguish between a true statement and a correct explanation.

13 Hard

13 of 93Question permalink

Remembering +4 | -1

The coconut and mango fruits are?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Drupes

Option B (Drupes) is correct because both coconut and mango are classified as drupes.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Drupes. Coconut and mango are drupes.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: The question asks to identify the type of fruit that coconut and mango are.
Step 2: Recall the different types of fruits and their characteristics.
Step 3: Coconut and mango have a single seed enclosed in a hard endocarp, which is characteristic of drupes.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Berries are fleshy fruits with many seeds, like tomatoes and grapes.
- Option C: Hesperidium is a type of berry with a leathery rind, like citrus fruits.
- Option D: Pomes are false fruits with a fleshy part derived from the receptacle, like apples and pears.

Key Concepts:
- Fruit types
- Drupes

Memory Aids:
- Remember "Co-Man-Drupe" to associate Coconut and Mango with Drupes.

Quick Tips:
- Learn the characteristics of different fruit types.

14 Hard

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Remembering +4 | -1

Inflorescence is the arrangement of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Flowers on the floral axis

Option C (Flowers on the floral axis) is correct because inflorescence refers to the arrangement of flowers on a main axis or a modified stem.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Flowers on the floral axis. Inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define inflorescence: Inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on a plant's floral axis.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Inflorescence is not the arrangement of leaves on the floral axis.
- Option B: Inflorescence is not the arrangement of buds on the floral axis (though buds are precursors to flowers).
- Option D: Inflorescence is not the arrangement of petioles on the floral axis.

Key Concepts:
- Inflorescence
- Floral axis
- Flower arrangement

Memory Aids:
- Inflorescence = flowering arrangement.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the different types of inflorescence (raceme, cyme, etc.).

15 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion: Prickles of plant have a single role of protection of plant.
Reason: They are superficial in origin.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

If the assertion is false but reason is true

Option D is correct because prickles are superficial in origin, but their sole role is NOT just protection; they can also aid in climbing. Therefore, the assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: If the assertion is false but reason is true. Prickles are superficial in origin, but their role isn't solely protection.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze the assertion: Prickles of plants have a single role of protection of the plant.

Step 2: Evaluate the assertion: Prickles can also aid in climbing, so the assertion is false.

Step 3: Analyze the reason: They are superficial in origin.

Step 4: Evaluate the reason: Prickles arise from the epidermis, making them superficial in origin, so the reason is true.

Step 5: Conclusion: The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion: The assertion is false.
- Option B: If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion: The assertion is false.
- Option C: If the assertion is true but the reason is false: The assertion is false, and the reason is true.

Key Concepts:
- Plant morphology
- Prickles
- Origin of plant structures

Memory Aids:
- Remember that prickles are superficial and can have multiple functions.

Quick Tips:
- Carefully analyze both the assertion and the reason before determining the relationship between them.

16 Hard

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A lateral branch with short inter-nodt, and each mode bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots are found in ________

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Pistia

The correct answer is A (Pistia) because Pistia exhibits a lateral branch with short internodes, a rosette of leaves, and a tuft of roots.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Pistia. Pistia shows the described lateral branch modification.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the different types of lateral branch modifications in plants.

Step 2: Recall the characteristics of each type of lateral branch modification.

Step 3: Identify that Pistia exhibits a lateral branch with short internodes, a rosette of leaves, and a tuft of roots.

Step 4: Conclude that the correct answer is Pistia.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Pineapple does not exhibit this specific type of lateral branch modification.
- Option C: Plum does not exhibit this specific type of lateral branch modification.
- Option D: Peach does not exhibit this specific type of lateral branch modification.

Key Concepts:
- Lateral branch modifications
- Pistia
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Pistia = Rosette of leaves and tuft of roots

Quick Tips:
- Remember the characteristic features of common plants.

17 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

[A]: Leaf in Daucus carota is decompound.

[R]: Saprophytic and parasitic modes of nutrition are considered as advanced feature.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

Option B (Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A) is correct because Daucus carota (carrot) has decompound leaves, and saprophytic/parasitic nutrition is an advanced feature, but they are unrelated statements.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A. Both statements are factually correct, but unrelated.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze Assertion (A).\nLeaf in Daucus carota is decompound. This is true; carrot leaves are highly divided (decompound).

Step 2: Analyze Reason (R).\nSaprophytic and parasitic modes of nutrition are considered as an advanced feature. This is also true; these are specialized modes of nutrition.

Step 3: Determine the relationship between A and R.\nThere is no direct causal relationship between the leaf type of Daucus carota and the evolutionary advancement of saprophytic/parasitic nutrition.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A - R does not explain A.
- Option C: A is true but R is false - Both are true.
- Option D: Both A and R are false - Both are true.

Key Concepts:
- Leaf morphology (compound vs. decompound)
- Modes of nutrition (saprophytic, parasitic)
- Plant adaptations

Memory Aids:
- Remember that carrots have highly divided leaves.

Quick Tips:
- Look for a direct causal link between the assertion and the reason when analyzing these types of questions.

18 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

The fruits and seeds which are either sticky, have different types of outgrowths are capable of undergoing

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Forced zoochory

Option A (Forced zoochory) is correct because sticky fruits or fruits with outgrowths rely on animals for dispersal, where the animal is \"forced\" to carry the seed.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Forced zoochory. Sticky fruits or fruits with outgrowths are dispersed by animals.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define the different types of seed dispersal.

Step 2: Zoochory: Seed dispersal by animals.

Step 3: Hydrochory: Seed dispersal by water.

Step 4: Anemochory: Seed dispersal by wind.

Step 5: Forced zoochory: A type of zoochory where the animal involuntarily carries the seed due to stickiness or hooks.

Step 6: Compensated zoochory: Not a standard term in seed dispersal.

Step 7: Conclude that sticky fruits or fruits with outgrowths undergo forced zoochory.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Compensated zoochory is not a recognized term.
- Option C: Hydrochory involves water dispersal, not stickiness or outgrowths.
- Option D: Anemochory involves wind dispersal, requiring light seeds with wings or hairs.

Key Concepts:
- Seed dispersal mechanisms
- Zoochory, hydrochory, anemochory

Memory Aids:
- Zoo = animals, hydro = water, anemo = wind

Quick Tips:
- Consider the physical characteristics of the fruit and seed when determining the dispersal method.

19 Hard

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Understanding +4 | -1

Consider the following statements. I. In racemose inflorescence, the flowers are brone in a basipetal order. II. Epigynous flowers are seen in rose plant. III. In brinjal, the ovary is superior. Of these statements.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

I and II are false but III is true

Option C (I and II are false but III is true) is correct because in racemose inflorescence, flowers are borne in acropetal order, epigynous flowers are seen in guava and cucumber, and the ovary in brinjal is superior.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I and II are false but III is true. Racemose inflorescence has acropetal arrangement, epigynous flowers are not in rose, and brinjal has a superior ovary.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze statement I: In racemose inflorescence, the flowers are borne in an acropetal order (younger flowers at the top), not basipetal.

Step 2: Analyze statement II: Epigynous flowers (ovary inferior) are seen in plants like guava and cucumber, not rose (which has hypogynous flowers).

Step 3: Analyze statement III: In brinjal, the ovary is superior (hypogynous flower).

Step 4: Therefore, statements I and II are false, and statement III is true.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Statement III is true, so this option is incorrect.
- Option B: Statement II is false, so this option is incorrect.
- Option D: Statement I is false, so this option is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Inflorescence types: Racemose
- Flower types: Hypogynous, Epigynous, Perigynous
- Ovary position

Memory Aids:
- Acropetal = Away from the pedicel (apex).
- Hypogynous = "Hypo" (below) - sepals/petals below the ovary.

Quick Tips:
- Remember examples of plants with different flower and inflorescence types.

20 Hard

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Remembering +4 | -1

Outermost covering of endosperm which separates it from embryo in monocots is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Proteinous layer

Option A (Proteinous layer) is correct because the aleurone layer, a protein-rich layer, forms the outermost covering of the endosperm in monocots.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Proteinous layer. The aleurone layer, rich in protein, surrounds the endosperm in monocots.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the structure of a monocot seed, including the endosperm and its surrounding layers.

Step 2: Remember that the aleurone layer (also known as the proteinous layer) is the outermost layer of the endosperm.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B (Scutellum): The scutellum is the cotyledon in monocots, not the outermost layer of the endosperm.
- Option C (Starchy layer): The starchy layer is part of the endosperm itself, not the outermost covering.
- Option D (All of these): Only the proteinous layer is the outermost covering.

Key Concepts:
- Monocot seed structure
- Endosperm and its layers
- Aleurone layer (Proteinous layer)

Memory Aids:
- Aleurone layer = Proteinous layer

Quick Tips:
- Understand the structure of both monocot and dicot seeds.

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Liliaceae

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Both (1) and (2)

Option D (Both (1) and (2)) is correct because Liliaceae, commonly called the lily family, is a representative of monocotyledonous plants.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both (1) and (2). Liliaceae is commonly called lily family and is a monocot.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze the given statements about Liliaceae.

Step 2: Statement 1: Is commonly called lily family. This is correct; Liliaceae is commonly known as the lily family.

Step 3: Statement 2: Is a representative of monocotyledonous plants. This is also correct; Liliaceae is a monocotyledonous family.

Step 4: Statement 3: Is a representative of dicotyledonous plants. This is incorrect; Liliaceae is a monocot.

Step 5: Conclusion: Both statements (1) and (2) are correct.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Is commonly called lily family - Correct, but incomplete as statement (2) is also correct.
- Option B: Is a representative of monocotyledonous plants - Correct, but incomplete as statement (1) is also correct.
- Option C: Is a representative of dicotyledonous plants - Incorrect because Liliaceae is a monocot.
- Option D: Both (1) and (2) - Correct because both statements are true.

Key Concepts:
- Characteristics of Liliaceae family
- Monocotyledonous plants
- Dicotyledonous plants

Memory Aids:
- Remember \"Lily is a Mono\" - Liliaceae is a monocotyledonous family.

Quick Tips:
- Knowing the major plant families and whether they are monocots or dicots is helpful.

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Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring in the members of family

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Euphorbiaceae

The correct answer is C (Euphorbiaceae) because vascular bundles arranged in a ring are a characteristic feature of the Euphorbiaceae family.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Euphorbiaceae. Vascular bundles arranged in a ring are characteristic of this family.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the arrangement of vascular bundles in different plant families.

Step 2: Identify the family that typically exhibits vascular bundles arranged in a ring.

Step 3: Recognize that Euphorbiaceae is the family with this characteristic.

Step 4: Conclude that the correct answer is Euphorbiaceae.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Orchidaceae typically has scattered vascular bundles.
- Option B: Iridaceae typically has scattered vascular bundles.
- Option D: Liliaceae typically has scattered vascular bundles.

Key Concepts:
- Vascular bundle arrangement
- Plant families
- Plant anatomy

Memory Aids:
- Euphorbiaceae = Ring of vascular bundles

Quick Tips:
- Learn the characteristic features of common plant families.

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Phyllode is a modifi cation of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Petiole

Option A (Petiole) is correct because a phyllode is a modified petiole that is flattened and performs photosynthesis.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Petiole. Phyllode is a modification of petiole.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the question: It asks about the part of the plant that is modified into a phyllode.

Step 2: Recall the definition of a phyllode:
- Phyllode: A flattened, leaf-like petiole that performs photosynthesis.

Step 3: Identify the correct plant part. The petiole is the part of the leaf that is modified into a phyllode.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Buds are undeveloped shoots, not modified into phyllodes.
- Option C: Flowers are reproductive structures, not modified into phyllodes.
- Option D: Roots are underground structures, not modified into phyllodes.

Key Concepts:
- Phyllode
- Petiole
- Leaf modification

Memory Aids:
- *Phyll*ode looks like a *leaf* and is a modified *petiole*

Quick Tips:
- Remember that phyllodes are flattened petioles that function like leaves.

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[A]: The switchover from vegetative to reproductive phase is now possible to shorten or prolong by altering the light conditions.

[R]: Plant morphologists regard flower as a modified shoot of determined growth with highly condensed internodes.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

Option B is correct because the switchover from vegetative to reproductive phase can be influenced by light conditions, and a flower is considered a modified shoot, but the reason does not explain the assertion.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A. Photoperiod affects flowering, and flowers are modified shoots, but one doesn't explain the other.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze Assertion [A]: The switchover from vegetative to reproductive phase is now possible to shorten or prolong by altering the light conditions.

Step 2: Evaluate Assertion [A]: This is true due to photoperiodism.

Step 3: Analyze Reason [R]: Plant morphologists regard flower as a modified shoot of determined growth with highly condensed internodes.

Step 4: Evaluate Reason [R]: This is also true; flowers are considered modified shoots.

Step 5: Determine if R explains A: The fact that flowers are modified shoots doesn't explain why light conditions affect the vegetative to reproductive switch.

Step 6: Conclusion: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A: R does not explain A.
- Option C: A is true but R is false: R is also true.
- Option D: Both A and R are false: Both A and R are true.

Key Concepts:
- Plant physiology
- Photoperiodism
- Plant morphology
- Flower as a modified shoot

Memory Aids:
- Remember that photoperiodism affects flowering and that flowers are modified shoots.

Quick Tips:
- Determine if the reason directly explains the assertion.

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Name the type of aestivation when sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin without overlapping

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Valvate aestivation

Option B (Valvate aestivation) is correct because it describes petals or sepals touching at the margins without overlapping.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Valvate aestivation. In valvate aestivation, the sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin without overlapping.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define aestivation. Aestivation is the arrangement of floral appendages (sepals or petals) in a flower bud with respect to one another.

Step 2: Describe Valvate aestivation. In valvate aestivation, the sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping. Examples include Calotropis.

Step 3: Describe Twisted aestivation. In twisted aestivation, one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one, and so on. Examples include China rose, lady's finger, and cotton.

Step 4: Describe Imbricate aestivation. In imbricate aestivation, the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another, but not in any particular direction. Examples include Cassia and Gulmohur.

Step 5: Describe Vexillary aestivation. In vexillary aestivation, there are five petals. The largest petal (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest petals (keel). Examples include pea and bean flowers.

Step 6: Conclusion. The question asks for the type of aestivation where sepals or petals just touch one another at the margin without overlapping, which is valvate aestivation.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Twisted aestivation involves overlapping margins, which is not what the question asks for.
- Option C: Imbricate aestivation also involves overlapping margins, but not in a specific direction, which is not the condition described in the question.
- Option D: Vexillary aestivation is a specific type of aestivation found in papilionaceous flowers, and it involves a specific arrangement of petals with overlapping margins, not just touching.

Key Concepts:
- Aestivation types: Valvate, Twisted, Imbricate, Vexillary

Memory Aids:
- Valvate: Think of \"valves\" that just touch to close.
- Twisted: Think of clothes twisted around each other.
- Imbricate: Think of bricks overlapping on a wall.
- Vexillary: Think of a \"V\" shape formed by the petals.

Quick Tips:
- Memorize the definitions and examples of each type of aestivation.

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Pinnately compound leaf is present in?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Neem

Option B (Neem) is correct because Neem (Azadirachta indica) has pinnately compound leaves.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Neem. Neem has pinnately compound leaves.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define pinnately compound leaf.

Step 2: A pinnately compound leaf has leaflets arranged along a central rachis.

Step 3: Neem (Azadirachta indica) has pinnately compound leaves. Silk cotton, Neerium, and Guava have simple leaves.

Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is Neem.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Silk cotton has palmately compound leaves.
- Option C: Neerium has simple leaves.
- Option D: Guava has simple leaves.

Key Concepts:
- Leaf morphology
- Pinnately compound leaf

Memory Aids:
- Neem = Pinnately compound

Quick Tips:
- Know examples of plants with different leaf types.

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The capsules are septicidal in _____

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Aristolochia

Option C (Aristolochia) is correct because Aristolochia capsules exhibit septicidal dehiscence.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Aristolochia. Septicidal capsules split along the septa (partitions) of the ovary, which is characteristic of Aristolochia.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the different types of capsule dehiscence: septicidal, loculicidal, etc.

Step 2: Recall examples of plants exhibiting septicidal capsule dehiscence.

Step 3: Aristolochia capsules dehisce along the septa.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (Ficus): Ficus is a syconus fruit, not a capsule.
- Option B (Annona): Annona is an aggregate fruit, not a capsule.
- Option D (Solanum): Solanum is a berry, not a capsule.

Key Concepts:
- Fruit types: Capsule, Berry, Drupe, etc.
- Capsule dehiscence types: Septicidal, Loculicidal, etc.

Memory Aids:
- Septicidal: Splits along the septa.

Quick Tips:
- Know the different fruit types and their characteristics.

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Inflorescence is racemase in?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Soyabean

Option D (Soyabean) is correct because soyabean exhibits racemose inflorescence, which is characterized by an indefinite growth pattern with flowers developing along the main axis.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Soyabean. Racemose inflorescence is found in Soyabean.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define racemose inflorescence. Racemose inflorescence is a type of inflorescence where the main axis continues to grow indefinitely and produces flowers laterally.

Step 2: Consider the given options and their inflorescence types.

Step 3: Brinjal typically has solitary or cymose inflorescence.

Step 4: Tulip has solitary flowers or a simple raceme.

Step 5: Aloe typically has a racemose or spicate inflorescence.

Step 6: Soyabean has racemose inflorescence.

Step 7: Conclusion: Soyabean exhibits racemose inflorescence.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Brinjal typically has solitary or cymose inflorescence, not racemose.
- Option B: Tulip has solitary flowers or a simple raceme, not racemose in the typical sense.
- Option C: Aloe typically has a racemose or spicate inflorescence, but soyabean is a more direct example of racemose.
- Option D: Soyabean exhibits racemose inflorescence, making it the correct answer.

Key Concepts:
- Inflorescence types: Racemose, Cymose, Solitary, Spicate
- Plant families and their floral characteristics

Memory Aids:
- Remember that \"raceme\" refers to a specific type of inflorescence.

Quick Tips:
- Knowing common inflorescence types for different plant families helps in quick identification.

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Rhizome, which grows vertically upwards are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Root stock

The correct answer is D (Root stock) because rhizomes that grow vertically upwards are specifically referred to as root stocks.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Root stock. Root stocks are rhizomes that grow vertically upwards.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the definition of rhizomes.

Step 2: Differentiate between different types of rhizomes based on their growth pattern.

Step 3: Recognize that root stocks are a specific type of rhizome that grows vertically upwards.

Step 4: Conclude that the correct answer is root stock.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Corms are underground stems that are solid and fleshy, not rhizomes growing vertically upwards.
- Option B: Stolon is a horizontal stem that grows above the ground, not a rhizome growing vertically upwards.
- Option C: Bulbils are small bulbs that develop in the axils of leaves or in place of flowers, not rhizomes growing vertically upwards.

Key Concepts:
- Rhizomes
- Root stock
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Root stock = Upward Rhizome

Quick Tips:
- Remember the different types of underground stems and their characteristics.

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Leaf less wiry stem parasite is?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Cuscuta

Option B (Cuscuta) is correct because Cuscuta is a leafless, wiry stem parasite that lacks chlorophyll.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Cuscuta is a leafless wiry stem parasite that obtains nutrients from a host plant.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the characteristics of Cuscuta.

Step 2: Understand that Cuscuta is a parasitic plant.

Step 3: Recognize that Cuscuta has a wiry, leafless stem.

Step 4: Conclude that Cuscuta is the leafless wiry stem parasite.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Indian rubber is a tree and not a parasite.
- Option C: Striga is a root parasite, not a stem parasite.
- Option D: Tinospora is a climbing shrub, but not a leafless parasite.

Key Concepts:
- Parasitic plants
- Cuscuta
- Plant morphology

Memory Aids:
- Cuscuta = Clingy stem

Quick Tips:
- Remember that Cuscuta is a stem parasite.

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