A tendency to change with charge in environment

Disturbances in regulatory controls

Does not exchange material with environment

LIVING WORLD MCQs for NEET UG BIOLOGY — Medium

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All living organisms are linked to one another because:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

They share common genetic material but to varying degrees

Option B is correct because all living organisms share a common ancestor and thus share genetic material, although the degree of similarity varies.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: They share common genetic material but to varying degrees. This reflects the evolutionary relationships between all living organisms.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Consider the fundamental basis of life.

Step 2: All organisms use DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Step 3: Evolutionary relationships dictate that organisms share common ancestry and therefore, share genetic material.

Step 4: The degree of similarity in genetic material reflects the closeness of the evolutionary relationship.

Step 5: Conclude that organisms share common genetic material but to varying degrees.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: They have common genetic material of the same type: While all organisms use DNA or RNA, the specific sequences and genes are not identical across all organisms.
- Option C: All have common cellular organisation: While there are common features of cellular organization (e.g., cell membrane, ribosomes), there are also significant differences (e.g., prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells).
- Option D: All of the above: Since options A and C are not entirely correct, this option is also incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Common ancestry
- Genetic material (DNA/RNA)
- Evolutionary relationships

Memory Aids:
- "Common ancestry = shared genetic material"

Quick Tips:
- Consider the evolutionary relationships when answering questions about shared characteristics of living organisms.

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A living organism can be easily distinguished from non-living on the basis of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Responsiveness to touch stimuli

Option A (Responsiveness to touch stimuli) is the correct answer because it is a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from non-living things.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Responsiveness to touch stimuli. Living organisms respond to external stimuli, a characteristic not found in non-living things.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Consider the defining characteristics of living organisms.

Step 2: Evaluate each option based on whether it uniquely distinguishes living from non-living.

Step 3: Responsiveness to touch is a key characteristic of life.

Step 4: Non-living things do not respond to touch in the same way living organisms do.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Movement and growth can occur in non-living things (e.g., crystal growth).
- Option C: Reproduction is not always present in all living organisms (e.g., sterile individuals).
- Option D: Interaction with the environment and progressive evolution occur over long periods and are not immediate distinguishing factors.

Key Concepts:
- Characteristics of living organisms
- Stimulus and response

Memory Aids:
- Remember the basic characteristics of life: MRS GREN (Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition).

Quick Tips:
- Focus on the most fundamental and universally applicable characteristics of life.

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Homeostasis is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Tendency to resist internal changes

Option B (Tendency to resist internal changes) is correct because homeostasis is the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: B. Tendency to resist internal changes. Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define homeostasis.\nHomeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Step 2: Evaluate each option.\nA tendency to change with change in environment: This is the opposite of homeostasis.\nTendency to resist internal changes: This is the definition of homeostasis.\nDisturbances in regulatory controls: This is a failure of homeostasis.\nDoes not exchange material with environment: Living organisms must exchange material with the environment.

Step 3: Identify the correct definition of homeostasis.\nTendency to resist internal changes is the correct answer.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: A tendency to change with charge in environment - This is the opposite of homeostasis.
- Option C: Disturbances in regulatory controls - This is a failure of homeostasis, not homeostasis itself.
- Option D: Does not exchange material with environment - Living organisms must exchange material with the environment.

Key Concepts:
- Homeostasis
- Internal environment

Memory Aids:
- Homeo = Same, Stasis = Standing (maintaining the same state).

Quick Tips:
- Remember the definition of homeostasis.

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Families are characterised on the basis of both .....A..... and .....B..... features of plant species :

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

A-Vegetative, B-Reproductive

Option B is correct because families are characterized based on both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: A-Vegetative, B-Reproductive. Families are characterized by both vegetative and reproductive features.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the basis of plant family classification.

Step 2: Plant families are characterized based on a combination of vegetative (e.g., leaf arrangement, stem type) and reproductive (e.g., flower structure, fruit type) features.

Step 3: Choose the option that reflects this combination.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Morphological features include both vegetative and reproductive, so it's not specific enough.
- Option C: Anatomical and genetical features are used at lower taxonomic levels or in phylogenetic studies, but not primarily for family characterization.
- Option D: Anatomical features are not the primary basis for family characterization.

Key Concepts:
- Plant family classification
- Vegetative features
- Reproductive features

Memory Aids:
- Families are based on observable characteristics, both vegetative and reproductive.

Quick Tips:
- Understand the criteria used for classifying plants at different taxonomic levels.

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Assertion (A): Families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of species.

Reason (R): Members of family can show morphological similarities, but unexceptionally none of the genera of same family can interbreed with each other.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

(A) is true but (R) is false

Option C ((A) is true but (R) is false) is correct because families are indeed characterized by both vegetative and reproductive features, but members of the same family can sometimes interbreed, though it's uncommon.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: (A) is true but (R) is false. Families are characterized by vegetative and reproductive features, but genera of the same family can sometimes interbreed (though rarely).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Evaluate the assertion: Families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of species (True).

Step 2: Evaluate the reason: Members of a family can show morphological similarities, but unexceptionally none of the genera of the same family can interbreed with each other (False; interbreeding is rare but possible in some cases).

Step 3: Determine if the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion: The reason is not a correct explanation because it is false.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: The reason is false.
- Option B: The reason is false.
- Option D: The assertion is true.

Key Concepts:
- Taxonomic categories
- Family characteristics
- Interbreeding

Memory Aids:
- Remember that families are characterized by both vegetative and reproductive features.

Quick Tips:
- Pay attention to the possibility of exceptions in biological rules.

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…A… is a collection of pressed, dried and preserved plants …B… labelled arranged systematically for further reference A and B in the above statement refers to

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

A-herbarium; B-mounted on a paper sheet

Option B (A-herbarium; B-mounted on a paper sheet) is correct because herbaria are collections of dried plants mounted on paper sheets.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: A-herbarium; B-mounted on a paper sheet. Herbaria are collections of dried plants mounted on paper.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the definition of a herbarium.

Step 2: Herbaria are collections of pressed, dried, and preserved plants.

Step 3: These plants are typically mounted on paper sheets for preservation and study.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: While herbaria are collections, plants are mounted on paper, not thin film.
- Option C: Museums store various artifacts, and plants in herbaria are mounted on paper, not iron sheets.
- Option D: Gardens are living collections, and herbaria use paper sheets, not just any sheet.

Key Concepts:
- Herbarium
- Plant preservation
- Taxonomic aids

Memory Aids:
- Herbarium = pressed plants on paper.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the key features of a herbarium.

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How many of the following will show the growth or increase in mass? Mountain, boulders, sand mound, dead organism, plants.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Four

Option B is correct because plants show intrinsic growth, and dead organisms increase in mass due to external accumulation, while mountains, boulders, and sand mounds increase in mass by accretion, which is not considered growth.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Four. Plants, dead organism, mountain, and sand mound can show growth or increase in mass.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define growth: An irreversible increase in mass or number of cells.

Step 2: Consider each item:

Step 3: Mountain: Can increase in mass due to external accumulation (accretion), but this is not considered growth in the biological sense.

Step 4: Boulders: Similar to mountains, can increase in mass due to external accumulation, but this is not biological growth.

Step 5: Sand mound: Can increase in mass due to external accumulation, but this is not biological growth.

Step 6: Dead organism: Can increase in mass due to external accumulation (e.g., deposition of minerals), but this is not intrinsic growth.

Step 7: Plants: Show intrinsic growth by cell division and enlargement.

Step 8: Identify items that show growth or increase in mass: Mountain, boulders, sand mound, dead organism, and plants.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Three: Incorrect, as four items can show growth or increase in mass.
- Option C: One: Incorrect, as four items can show growth or increase in mass.
- Option D: Two: Incorrect, as four items can show growth or increase in mass.

Key Concepts:
- Growth definition
- Intrinsic vs. extrinsic growth
- Accretion

Memory Aids:
- "Growth = Irreversible increase in mass"

Quick Tips:
- Distinguish between intrinsic biological growth and external accumulation of mass.

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The species confined to a particular region and not found elsewhere is termed as:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Endemic

Option D (Endemic) is correct because endemic species are confined to a particular region and not found elsewhere.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Endemic. Endemic species are restricted to a specific geographic location.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define the term 'endemic'.

Step 2: Relate the definition to the question.

Step 3: An endemic species is one that is found only in a particular region or location and nowhere else in the world.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Rare species are uncommon but may be found in multiple locations.
- Option B: Keystone species play a critical role in their ecosystem but are not necessarily confined to one region.
- Option C: Alien species are introduced to a new environment, the opposite of being confined to a particular region.

Key Concepts:
- Endemic species
- Biogeography
- Conservation biology

Memory Aids:
- Endemic = Ends there (confined to a region)

Quick Tips:
- Understand the different types of species distributions.

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Species is considered as

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Smallest taxon of faxonomy/classification

Option C (Smallest taxon of faxonomy/classification) is correct because species is the basic unit of classification and represents the smallest taxon.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Smallest taxon of faxonomy/classification. Species is the fundamental unit in biological classification.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define taxonomy and its hierarchical classification system.

Step 2: Understand the order of taxonomic ranks (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species).

Step 3: Recognize that species is the most specific and basic level of classification.

Step 4: Conclude that species represents the smallest taxon.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Largest taxon of taxonomy/classification: This is incorrect because the largest taxon is Kingdom, not species.
- Option B: Key of taxonomy/classification: This is incorrect because while species are important, they are not the \"key\" in the sense of being the largest or defining factor. The key refers to a tool used for identification.
- Option D: Both small and largest unit of taxonomy/classification: This is incorrect because species is only the smallest unit; Kingdom is the largest.

Key Concepts:
- Taxonomy
- Biological Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

Memory Aids:
- King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

Quick Tips:
- Remember the taxonomic hierarchy to easily identify the largest and smallest taxa.

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The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body is known as

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Metabolism

Option A (Metabolism) is correct because metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions, both anabolic (building up) and catabolic (breaking down), that occur within a living organism.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: A. Metabolism. Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define metabolism.\nMetabolism is the set of chemical processes that occur in an organism to maintain life.

Step 2: Define the other terms.\nCatabolism: Breakdown of complex molecules.\nAnabolism: Synthesis of complex molecules.\nHomeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment.

Step 3: Relate the terms to the question.\nMetabolism includes both catabolism and anabolism, and it represents the sum total of all chemical reactions.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Catabolism - Catabolism is only the breakdown of molecules, not the sum total of all reactions.
- Option C: Anabolism - Anabolism is only the synthesis of molecules, not the sum total of all reactions.
- Option D: Homeostasis - Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, not the sum total of chemical reactions.

Key Concepts:
- Metabolism
- Catabolism
- Anabolism
- Homeostasis

Memory Aids:
- Metabolism = All reactions.

Quick Tips:
- Understand the definitions of key biological terms.

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Two animals belong to the same Kingdom but
different classes. They may belong to the
same ______

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Phylum

Option B (Phylum) is correct because organisms in the same kingdom but different classes must share a higher taxonomic rank, such as phylum.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Phylum. Phylum is a taxonomic rank above class.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the taxonomic hierarchy: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Step 2: If two animals are in the same Kingdom but different Classes, they must share a taxonomic rank higher than Class.

Step 3: Phylum is the taxonomic rank immediately above Class.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Species is the lowest taxonomic rank, so animals in different classes cannot be in the same species.
- Option C: Division is used for plants instead of phylum.
- Option D: Order is below class in the taxonomic hierarchy.

Key Concepts:
- Taxonomic hierarchy
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Species

Memory Aids:
- King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species).

Quick Tips:
- Know the order of the taxonomic ranks.

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Taxonomical aids that provide means of ex – situ conservation strategies are –

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Both 2 and 3

Option D (Both 2 and 3) is correct because both zoological parks and botanical gardens conserve organisms outside their natural habitats, which is ex-situ conservation.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both 2 and 3. Zoological parks and botanical gardens are ex-situ conservation strategies.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define ex-situ conservation. Ex-situ conservation is the conservation of organisms outside their natural habitat.

Step 2: Consider each option:
- A. Herbarium: Primarily a collection of preserved plant specimens, not a main ex-situ conservation site.
- B. Zoological park: Conserves animals outside their natural habitat (ex-situ).
- C. Botanical garden: Conserves plants outside their natural habitat (ex-situ).
- D. Both 2 and 3: Includes both zoological and botanical gardens.

Step 3: Conclusion: Both zoological parks and botanical gardens are ex-situ conservation strategies.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Herbarium is primarily for preservation, not ex-situ conservation.
- Option B: Zoological park alone is incomplete, as botanical gardens also contribute.
- Option C: Botanical garden alone is incomplete, as zoological parks also contribute.

Key Concepts:
- Ex-situ conservation
- Herbarium
- Zoological park
- Botanical garden

Memory Aids:
- Remember that "ex" means "out of", so ex-situ is "out of the natural site".

Quick Tips:
- Distinguish between in-situ (within natural habitat) and ex-situ (outside natural habitat) conservation.

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Five kingdom scheme to classify living being was given by

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

R H Whittaker

Option D (R H Whittaker) is correct because R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification system.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: R H Whittaker. R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: The question asks who proposed the five-kingdom classification system.

Step 2: Recall the scientists associated with different classification systems.

Step 3: R.H. Whittaker is known for proposing the five-kingdom classification system.

Step 4: Therefore, the answer is R H Whittaker.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: J B S Haldane is known for his work on the origin of life, not the five-kingdom classification.
- Option B: G G Simpson is known for his contributions to evolutionary theory, not the five-kingdom classification.
- Option C: E Mayr is known for the biological species concept, not the five-kingdom classification.

Key Concepts:
- Five-kingdom classification
- Taxonomy
- Biological classification

Memory Aids:
- Whittaker = Five Kingdoms

Quick Tips:
- Remember the key scientists and their contributions to biological classification systems.

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Consider the following statements for taxonomic aid "key" and select the correct option
(A) Key based on similarities and dissimilarities
(B) Same key can be used for all taxonomic categories.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Only (A) correct

Option A (Only (A) correct) is correct because taxonomic keys are based on similarities and dissimilarities, but a single key cannot be used for all taxonomic categories.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Only (A) correct. Taxonomic keys are based on similarities and dissimilarities.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the purpose and structure of taxonomic keys.

Step 2: Taxonomic keys are used to identify organisms based on their characteristics.

Step 3: Keys are based on contrasting characters (similarities and dissimilarities).

Step 4: Different keys are required for different taxonomic levels (e.g., family, genus, species).

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Statement (B) is incorrect because different keys are needed for different taxonomic categories.
- Option C: Statement (B) is incorrect.
- Option D: Statement (B) is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Taxonomic keys
- Identification of organisms
- Taxonomic categories

Memory Aids:
- Keys use contrasting characters.

Quick Tips:
- Understand how to use a taxonomic key.

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Among the following choose the properties shown by the living organism exclusively?
I. growth
II. increase in mass
III. self-replication ability
IV. response to touch stimuli

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

I, III and IV

Option C (I, III and IV) is correct because growth, self-replication ability, and response to touch stimuli are properties exclusively shown by living organisms.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I, III and IV. These are properties exclusive to living organisms.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze each property:
I. Growth: Living organisms grow, but non-living things can also increase in mass (extrinsic growth).
II. Increase in mass: Non-living things can also increase in mass.
III. Self-replication ability: Only living organisms can self-replicate.
IV. Response to touch stimuli: Only living organisms respond to stimuli.

Step 2: Identify the properties exclusively shown by living organisms: I, III, and IV.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: I and II: Increase in mass is not exclusive to living organisms.
- Option B: I, II and III: Increase in mass is not exclusive to living organisms.
- Option D: I, II, III and IV: Increase in mass is not exclusive to living organisms.

Key Concepts:
- Properties of living organisms
- Defining characteristics of life

Memory Aids:
- Living things: Grow, Reproduce, Respond

Quick Tips:
- Consider whether the property is exclusive to living organisms.

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Assertion: All organisms reproduce for
perpetuation of a population.

Reason: Reproduction is an all inclusive
characteristic of living organisms

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

If both Assertion and Reason are false

Option D (If both Assertion and Reason are false) is correct because not all organisms reproduce, and reproduction is not an all-inclusive characteristic of living organisms.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: If both Assertion and Reason are false. Neither statement is entirely true.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze Assertion: All organisms reproduce for perpetuation of a population. This is false because some organisms are sterile and cannot reproduce.

Step 2: Analyze Reason: Reproduction is an all inclusive characteristic of living organisms. This is false because some living organisms cannot reproduce (e.g., sterile mules, worker bees).

Step 3: Since both statements are false, the correct answer is D.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion: Both Assertion and Reason are false.
- Option B: If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion: Both Assertion and Reason are false.
- Option C: If Assertion is true but Reason is false: Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Key Concepts:
- Reproduction
- Characteristics of living organisms

Memory Aids:
- Not all living things reproduce

Quick Tips:
- Consider exceptions to the general rules.

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Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Biological names can be written in any language

Option A is correct because biological names must be written in Latin or Latinized, not any language.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Biological names can be written in any language. This is contrary to the rules of nomenclature.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the rules of biological nomenclature.

Step 2: Biological names must be written in Latin or Latinized.

Step 3: The first word is the genus, the second is the specific epithet.

Step 4: Names are italicized or underlined when handwritten.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: This is a correct rule of nomenclature.
- Option C: This is a correct rule of nomenclature.
- Option D: This is a correct rule of nomenclature.

Key Concepts:
- Biological nomenclature
- Latin names
- Taxonomic rules

Memory Aids:
- Latin is the language of science (historically).

Quick Tips:
- Know the rules of biological nomenclature.

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Systematic botany means

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Methodical study of plants, dealing with identification, naming and classificartion

Option D is correct because systematic botany encompasses the identification, naming, and classification of plants in a methodical manner.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Methodical study of plants, dealing with identification, naming and classificartion. This is the definition of systematic botany.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the meaning of systematic botany.

Step 2: Systematic botany involves the study of plants in a methodical way, including their identification, naming (nomenclature), and classification.

Step 3: Choose the option that best describes this process.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: System analysis is a general term and not specific to botany.
- Option B: Systematic arrangement of organs of plants is a part of plant morphology, not the entire scope of systematic botany.
- Option C: Systematic study of organelles and tissues is more related to cell biology and histology, not systematic botany.

Key Concepts:
- Systematic botany
- Plant identification
- Plant nomenclature
- Plant classification

Memory Aids:
- Systematic = methodical, organized.

Quick Tips:
- Understand the scope of different branches of botany.

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The living organisms can be unexceptionally distinguished from the non-living things on the basis of their ability for

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

response to stimuli

Option C (response to stimuli) is correct because the ability to sense and respond to external stimuli is a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from non-living things.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: response to stimuli. This is a key distinguishing factor between living and non-living things.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Consider the characteristics of living and non-living things.

Step 2: Living organisms exhibit responsiveness to stimuli, while non-living things do not.

Step 3: Analyze the other options:
A. Reproduction: Some living organisms cannot reproduce.
B. Growth and movement: Non-living things can grow (accretion) and move (wind, water).
D. Invitro reactions: These are artificial reactions, not a natural characteristic.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: reproduction: Not all living organisms can reproduce (e.g., sterile mules).
- Option B: growth and movement: Non-living things can grow (e.g., crystal formation) and move (e.g., rocks rolling downhill).
- Option D: invitro reactions: These are artificial reactions performed in a lab, not a defining characteristic of life itself.

Key Concepts:
- Characteristics of living organisms
- Responsiveness to stimuli

Memory Aids:
- Living things respond to their environment

Quick Tips:
- Consider exceptions to each characteristic.

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Which of the following are true with reference to taxonomical aids?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Museums have a collection of preserved plant and animal specimens

Option B (Museums have a collection of preserved plant and animal specimens) is correct because museums are known for preserving biological specimens.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Museums have a collection of preserved plant and animal specimens. Museums are known for preserving biological specimens.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the question. The question asks which statement is true regarding taxonomical aids.

Step 2: Evaluate each option:
- A. Botanical gardens have a collection of dead plants of reference: Incorrect, botanical gardens have living plants.
- B. Museums have a collection of preserved plant and animal specimens: Correct.
- C. Herbariums have pictures of plant specimens: Incorrect, herbaria have dried and pressed plant specimens.
- D. The key is used for the identification of plants and animals: Correct, but the question asks for a statement that is true with reference to taxonomical aids in general, and museums are more directly related to specimens.

Step 3: Conclusion: Museums preserve plant and animal specimens.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Botanical gardens contain living plants, not dead ones.
- Option C: Herbaria contain pressed and dried plant specimens, not just pictures.
- Option D: While keys are taxonomical aids, the statement about museums is more directly related to collections of specimens.

Key Concepts:
- Taxonomical aids
- Museums
- Herbaria
- Botanical gardens
- Taxonomic key

Memory Aids:
- Think of museums as places where old things are kept safe.

Quick Tips:
- Consider the primary function of each taxonomical aid.

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Select the incorrect statement.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Botanical gardens are ‘in situ’ conservation strategies.

Option D (Botanical gardens are ‘in situ’ conservation strategies) is correct because botanical gardens are ex-situ conservation strategies, not in-situ.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Botanical gardens are ‘in situ’ conservation strategies. Botanical gardens are ex-situ conservation, not in-situ.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
- In-situ: Conservation within the natural habitat.
- Ex-situ: Conservation outside the natural habitat.

Step 2: Evaluate each statement:
- A. In unicellular organisms growth is synonymous with reproduction: Correct.
- B. A scientific name has two words in binomial nomenclature: Correct.
- C. Herbarium contains pressed and preserved plant specimens: Correct.
- D. Botanical gardens are ‘in situ’ conservation strategies: Incorrect, they are ex-situ.

Step 3: Conclusion: Botanical gardens are ex-situ conservation strategies.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Growth and reproduction are often linked in unicellular organisms.
- Option B: Binomial nomenclature involves two names: genus and species.
- Option C: Herbaria are collections of preserved plant specimens.

Key Concepts:
- In-situ conservation
- Ex-situ conservation
- Botanical gardens
- Herbarium
- Binomial nomenclature

Memory Aids:
- Remember that "in" means "inside" (in-situ), and "ex" means "outside" (ex-situ).

Quick Tips:
- Distinguish between in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies.

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The most obvious and technically complicated feature of all living organisms as their defining property is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Consciousness

Option A (Consciousness) is correct because consciousness, especially self-consciousness, is a complex and defining property of living organisms, particularly humans.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Consciousness. This is the most complex and defining property.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Consider the definitions of each option:
A. Consciousness: Awareness of self and surroundings.
B. Increase mass: Can occur in both living and non-living things.
C. Reproduction: Not all living organisms reproduce.
D. Growth: Can occur in both living and non-living things.

Step 2: Identify the most complex and technically complicated feature: Consciousness.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Increase mass: Non-living things can also increase in mass through accretion.
- Option C: Reproduction: Not all living organisms reproduce (e.g., sterile mules).
- Option D: Growth: Non-living things can also exhibit growth (e.g., crystal formation).

Key Concepts:
- Defining features of life
- Consciousness

Memory Aids:
- Consciousness = Awareness

Quick Tips:
- Consider which feature is most complex and unique to living organisms.

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The living organisms can be unexceptionally distinguished from the non – living things on the basis of their ability for

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Responsiveness to touch

Option D (Responsiveness to touch) is correct because the ability to sense and respond to touch is a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from non-living things.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Responsiveness to touch. This is a key distinguishing factor between living and non-living things.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Consider the characteristics of living and non-living things.

Step 2: Living organisms exhibit responsiveness to stimuli, including touch, while non-living things do not.

Step 3: Analyze the other options:
A. Reproduction: Some living organisms cannot reproduce.
B. Growth and movement: Non-living things can grow (accretion) and move (wind, water).
C. Interaction with the environment and progressive evolution: Evolution occurs over long periods and is not an immediate distinguishing factor.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Reproduction: Not all living organisms can reproduce (e.g., sterile mules).
- Option B: Growth and movement: Non-living things can grow (e.g., crystal formation) and move (e.g., rocks rolling downhill).
- Option C: Interaction with the environment and progressive evolution: While living organisms interact with the environment and evolve, these are not immediate distinguishing factors in the same way that responsiveness to stimuli is.

Key Concepts:
- Characteristics of living organisms
- Responsiveness to stimuli

Memory Aids:
- Living things respond to their environment

Quick Tips:
- Consider exceptions to each characteristic.

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The biological concept of species was formulated by

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Mayr

Option A (Mayr) is correct because Ernst Mayr is known for his contributions to the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory and the biological species concept.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Mayr. Ernst Mayr formulated the biological concept of species.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: The question asks about the formulation of the biological concept of species.

Step 2: Recall the scientists associated with the biological species concept.

Step 3: Ernst Mayr is the scientist most closely associated with the biological species concept.

Step 4: Therefore, the answer is Mayr.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Stebbins is known for his work on plant evolution, but not the primary formulator of the biological species concept.
- Option C: Heywood is associated with plant taxonomy, but not the primary formulator of the biological species concept.
- Option D: Love is not as directly associated with the biological species concept as Mayr.

Key Concepts:
- Biological species concept
- Evolutionary theory
- Taxonomy

Memory Aids:
- Mayr = Modern Synthesis and species concept.

Quick Tips:
- Remember key scientists and their contributions to major biological concepts.

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The label of a herbarium sheet does not carry information on

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

height of the plant

Option A (height of the plant) is correct because herbarium sheets typically include collection date, collector name, and local names, but not plant height.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: height of the plant. Herbarium sheets don't typically include plant height.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the information included on a herbarium sheet label.

Step 2: Common information includes:
- Date of collection
- Name of collector
- Local names
- Location of collection
- Taxonomic information

Step 3: Height of the plant is not typically recorded on the label.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Date of collection is a standard piece of information.
- Option C: Name of collector is a standard piece of information.
- Option D: Local names are often included on the label.

Key Concepts:
- Herbarium sheet
- Plant collection
- Taxonomic information

Memory Aids:
- Think about what's practical to record when collecting plants.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the standard information found on herbarium labels.

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Assertion (A): Higher the taxonomic category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.

Reason (R): Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)

Option A is correct because the assertion and reason are both true, and the reason correctly explains why it's harder to determine relationships at higher taxonomic levels.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A). Higher taxonomic categories have fewer shared characteristics, making relationships harder to determine.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the assertion: Higher taxonomic categories (e.g., family, order, class) encompass a wider range of organisms with fewer shared characteristics.

Step 2: Understand the reason: Lower taxonomic categories (e.g., species, genus) have more shared characteristics among their members.

Step 3: Connect the assertion and reason: Because higher categories have fewer shared traits, it becomes more difficult to establish clear relationships between taxa at those levels.

Step 4: Conclusion: The reason directly explains the assertion.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: While both statements are true, the reason *does* explain the assertion.
- Option C: The reason is not false; it's a true statement about taxonomic classification.
- Option D: Both the assertion and reason are true, so this option is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Taxonomic hierarchy (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species)
- Shared characteristics and taxonomic relationships

Memory Aids:
- Think of a pyramid: the base (species) is narrow and specific, the top (kingdom) is broad and general.

Quick Tips:
- Remember that as you move up the taxonomic hierarchy, the number of shared characteristics decreases.

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Scientific study of diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationship is called

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Systematics

Option A (Systematics) is correct because systematics is the scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Systematics. Systematics studies the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define the term 'Systematics'.

Step 2: Relate the definition to the question.

Step 3: Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with the classification and evolutionary relationships of organisms.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Anatomy is the study of the structure of organisms.
- Option C: Morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms.
- Option D: Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms, but systematics includes evolutionary relationships.

Key Concepts:
- Systematics
- Taxonomy
- Evolutionary relationships

Memory Aids:
- Systematics = Systems of evolution

Quick Tips:
- Understand the difference between systematics and taxonomy.

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Choose the wrong statements regarding universal rules of nomenclature

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Biological names are generally in English and written in italics

Option D (Biological names are generally in English and written in italics) is wrong because biological names are generally derived from Latin, and written in italics.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Biological names are generally in English and written in italics. Biological names are generally derived from Latin and written in italics.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall the rules of binomial nomenclature.
Step 2: Identify the incorrect statement regarding the language of origin and writing style of biological names.
Step 3: Recognize that biological names are generally Latin, not English, and are written in italics.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A (The first word in a biological name represents the genus): This is a correct statement.
- Option B (The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter): This is a correct statement.
- Option C (Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten are separately underlined): This is a correct statement.

Key Concepts:
- Binomial nomenclature
- Rules of nomenclature

Memory Aids:
- Remember that biological names are Latin and italicized.

Quick Tips:
- Pay attention to the specific details of the rules of nomenclature.

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Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A): All the living objects can not exhibit all living properties.

Reason (R): All living phenomenon are due to underlying interactions.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A)

Option A is correct because living organisms may not exhibit all living properties individually, but the underlying interactions of their components result in living phenomena.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Both (A) & (R) are true and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A). Living organisms don't always show all living properties, and this is due to the interactions of their components.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze Assertion (A): All the living objects can not exhibit all living properties. This is true because a single cell, for example, may not reproduce on its own but is still considered living.

Step 2: Analyze Reason (R): All living phenomenon are due to underlying interactions. This is also true. Living processes arise from the interactions of molecules, cells, and tissues.

Step 3: Determine if (R) explains (A): The interactions of components (R) explain why a single living object may not exhibit all living properties (A). The emergent properties of life arise from these interactions.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: While both statements are true, the reason correctly explains the assertion.
- Option C: Both the assertion and the reason are true, so this option is incorrect.
- Option D: Both the assertion and the reason are true, so this option is incorrect.

Key Concepts:
- Living properties
- Emergent properties
- Biological interactions

Memory Aids:
- Remember that life is complex and arises from interactions.

Quick Tips:
- Consider the levels of biological organization when analyzing living properties.

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Which one of the following is not included under in-situ conservation?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Botanical garden

Option A (Botanical garden) is correct because botanical gardens are ex-situ conservation methods, while the others are in-situ.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Botanical garden. Botanical gardens are examples of ex-situ conservation, not in-situ.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define in-situ and ex-situ conservation.

Step 2: Identify which of the options is not an example of in-situ conservation.

Step 3: In-situ conservation involves protecting species in their natural habitats. Ex-situ conservation involves protecting species outside of their natural habitats. Botanical gardens are ex-situ.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Biosphere reserves are in-situ conservation areas.
- Option C: National parks are in-situ conservation areas.
- Option D: Sanctuaries are in-situ conservation areas.

Key Concepts:
- In-situ conservation
- Ex-situ conservation
- Conservation biology

Memory Aids:
- In-situ = In place (natural habitat)
- Ex-situ = Exit place (outside habitat)

Quick Tips:
- Understand the different methods of conservation.

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