In which of the following molecules/ions ${\rm{B}}{{\rm{F}}_3},{\rm{NO}}_2^ - ,{\rm{NH}}_2^ - $, and ${{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}$ the central atom is $s{p^2}$ hybridized?

${\rm{B}}{{\rm{F}}_3}{\rm{and NO}}_2^ - $

${\rm{NO}}_2^ - {\rm{and NH}}_2^ - $

${\rm{NH}}_2^ - {\rm{and}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}$

${\rm{NO}}_2^ - {\rm{and}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}$

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JEE • CHEMISTRY • CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Chemical bonding & molecular structure practice · Mixed difficulty

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1 Medium

1 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

The hybridization in sulphur dioxide is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

s p^2

Option C (

s p^2

) is correct because sulfur dioxide (

SO_2

) has one lone pair and two sigma bonds, resulting in a steric number of 3 and

s p^2

hybridization.

2 Medium

2 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}_2}

has the same geometry as:

\left( A \right)\mathrm{HgC}{\mathrm{l}_2},\left( B \right)\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}_2},\left( C \right)\mathrm{SnC}{\mathrm{l}_4},\left( D \right){\mathrm{C}_2}{\mathrm{H}_2}

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

A\,and\,D

Option D (If Statement I is INCORRECT, but Statement II is CORRECT) is correct because the pH of an acidic buffer solution remains nearly constant upon dilution, while the pH of an aqueous solution of acid always increases upon dilution.

3 Hard

3 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

The pair of molecules forming strongest hydrogen bonds are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

\mathrm{H} - \mathop {\mathop \mathrm{C}\limits_{||} }\limits_{{\kern 1pt} \mathrm{O}} - \mathrm{OH}{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} and{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}_3} - \mathop {\mathop \mathrm{C}\limits_{||} }\limits_{{\kern 1pt} \mathrm{O}} - \mathrm{OH}

The correct answer is C because carboxylic acids (HCOOH and CH3COOH) form stronger hydrogen bonds due to the higher electronegativity of oxygen and the presence of both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.

4 Medium

4 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Paramagnetism is shown by

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

{O}_2

Option B (

{O}_2

) is correct because the oxygen molecule has two unpaired electrons, which causes paramagnetism.

5 Easy

5 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Which statement is correct?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Pi-bond always exists with sigma-bond

Option A (Pi-bond always exists with sigma-bond) is correct because a pi-bond forms only after a sigma-bond has already formed between the two atoms.

6 Medium

6 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A) :

{BF}_3

is a weaker Lewis acid than

{BCl}_3

.

Reason (R) : The planar

{BF}_3

molecule is stabilised to a greater extent than

{BCl}_3

{B}-X \pi

-bonding.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Both

\mathbf{A}

and

\mathbf{R}

are true and

\mathbf{R}

is the correct explanation of

\mathbf{A}

Option D (A is incorrect; R is correct) is correct because group 13 halides are hydrolyzed in the trivalent state, not the bivalent state, and their covalent nature contributes to this hydrolysis.

7 Medium

7 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

The species in which bond is non-directional

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

\mathrm{RbCl}

Option D (Infinite time) is correct because first-order reactions theoretically never reach 100% completion; they approach it asymptotically.

8 Medium

8 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

The correct sequence of decreasing number of

\pi

–bonds in the structures of

{H_2}S{O_3},{H_2}S{O_4}\,\,\,and\,\,{H_2}{S_2}{O_7}

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

\,\,{H_2}{S_2}{O_7} > {H_2}S{O_4} > {H_2}S{O_3}

Option C (

{H_2}{S_2}{O_7} > {H_2}S{O_4} > {H_2}S{O_3}

) is correct because it accurately reflects the decreasing number of pi-bonds in the structures of the given compounds.

9 Easy

9 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Bond energy of C-C bond is highest in

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

CH \equiv CH

Option C (

CH \equiv CH

) is correct because the triple bond has the highest bond energy due to the presence of three bonds between the carbon atoms.

10 Medium

10 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

The total number of valency electrons in

PH_4^ +

ion is:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

8

Option A (8) is correct because phosphorus has 5 valence electrons, each hydrogen has 1, and the +1 charge indicates one electron is removed, resulting in 5 + 4 - 1 = 8 valence electrons.

11 Easy

11 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Which of the following contains atleast one lone pair of electrons in all of its halides?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

{Xe}

Option A (

{Xe}

) is correct because Xenon (Xe) has a noble gas configuration and can form halides with at least one lone pair of electrons.

12 Medium

12 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Correct order of stability of the given species is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

\mathrm{N}_2 > \mathrm{N}_2^{+} > \mathrm{N}_2^{-}

Option B (

\mathrm{N}_2 > \mathrm{N}_2^{+} > \mathrm{N}_2^{-}

) is correct because higher bond order implies greater stability, and the number of antibonding electrons affects stability when bond orders are equal.

13 Easy

13 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Which compound among the following has more covalent character?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{I}_3}

Option B is correct because, according to Fajan's rule, larger anions and smaller cations with higher charges favor covalent character.

AlI_3

fits this description better than the other options.

14 Medium

14 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Among the compounds

NaCl,\,\,KCl,\,\,RbCl

and

CsCl

the one with greatest ionic character is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

CsCl

Option C (

CsCl

) is correct because, among the given options,

Cs^+

has the largest size, leading to the greatest ionic character.

15 Medium

15 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assuming

s-p

mixing is not operative, the paramagnetic species among the following is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

{O}_2

Option B (

{O}_2

) is correct because it has unpaired electrons in its molecular orbital configuration, making it paramagnetic when

s-p

mixing is not operative.

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16 Medium

16 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion (A): Among the two

\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}

bonds in

\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}

molecule, the energy required to break the first

\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}

bond and the other

\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}

bond is the same.
Reason (R): This is because the electronic environment around oxygen is the not same even after breakage of one

\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}

bond.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Assertion is incorrect; Reason is correct

Option A is correct because C2 has only two pi bonds and no sigma bond according to its molecular orbital configuration.

17 Hard

17 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Given below are two statements:

Statement I:

\mathrm{PF}_5

and

\mathrm{BrF}_5

both exhibit

\mathrm{sp}^3 \mathrm{d}

hybridisation.

Statement II: Both

\mathrm{SF}_6

and

\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_6\right]^{3+}

exhibit

\mathrm{sp}^3 \mathrm{d}^2

hybridisation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Both Statement I and Statement II are false

Option C (Both Statement I and Statement II are false) is correct because the hybridizations of BrF5 and the complex ion are incorrect in the statements.

18 Medium

18 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Which one of the following is a correct set?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

S F_4, s p^3 d

, sea-saw geometry

Option A (

S F_4, s p^3 d

, sea-saw geometry) is correct because SF4 has sp3d hybridization and a see-saw geometry due to one lone pair.

19 Easy

19 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Which has the least bond angle

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

{H}_2 {O}

Option C (

{H}_2 {O}

) is correct because the lone pair-lone pair repulsions in water are greater than lone pair-bond pair repulsions in ammonia and bond pair-bond pair repulsions in methane, leading to the smallest bond angle.

20 Medium

20 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

The energy change accompanying the process given below is,

\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}^ + }\left( \mathrm{g} \right) + \mathrm{C}{\mathrm{l}^ - }(g) \to \mathrm{NaCl}\left( s \right)

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Lattice energy

Option D (Lattice energy) is correct because lattice energy is the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form a solid lattice.

21 Medium

21 of 494

Application +4 | -1

In which of the following molecules/ions

\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{F}_3},\mathrm{NO}_2^ - ,\mathrm{NH}_2^ -

, and

{\mathrm{H}_2}\mathrm{O}

the central atom is

s{p^2}

hybridized?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{F}_3}\mathrm{and NO}_2^ -

Option A (

\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{F}_3}\mathrm{and NO}_2^ -

) is correct because in both

\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{F}_3}

and

\mathrm{NO}_2^ -

, the central atom is

s{p^2}

hybridized.

22 Medium

22 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Assertion: The bond order of helium is always zero.
Reason: The number of electrons in bonding molecular orbital and anti-bonding molecular orbital is equal.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion

Option A is correct because Helium's bond order is zero due to equal number of electrons in bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

23 Medium

23 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following is an incorrect statement

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

\pi -

bond is formed by the overlapping of hybrid orbitals

Option A (A

\pi -

bond is formed by the overlapping of hybrid orbitals) is incorrect because

\pi

bonds are formed by the lateral (sideways) overlap of unhybridized p-orbitals.

24 Medium

24 of 494

Application +4 | -1

A certain diatomic molecule,

A B

has dipole moment 1.6 D and the internuclear distance is

100 \mathrm{pm}

. The percentage of electronic charge existing on more electronegative atom is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

33 \%

Option A (33 %) is correct because it is calculated by dividing the observed dipole moment by the calculated dipole moment, then multiplying by 100.

25 Easy

25 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

When two atoms of chlorine combine to form one molecule of chlorine gas, the energy of the molecule

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Lower than that of separate atoms

Option C (Lower than that of separate atoms) is correct because when atoms combine to form a molecule, energy is released, resulting in a lower energy state for the molecule compared to the separate atoms.

26 Easy

26 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Species having same bond order are

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

F_2^ + ,\,\,\,O_2^{ - 1}

Option C (

F_2^+ , O_2^{-1}

) is correct because both species have the same bond order of 1.5.

27 Medium

27 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Unusually high boiling point of water is the result of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding

Option A (Intermolecular hydrogen bonding) is correct because the unusually high boiling point of water is due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

28 Medium

28 of 494

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following molecules has pyramidal shape

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

{PCl}_3

Option A (

{PCl}_3

) is correct because

{PCl}_3

has a pyramidal shape due to the presence of a lone pair on the central phosphorus atom.

29 Medium

29 of 494

Analyzing +4 | -1

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) :

\mathrm{PH}_3

has lower boiling point than

\mathrm{NH}_3

.

Reason (R) : In liquid state

\mathrm{NH}_3

molecules are associated through vander waal's forces, but

\mathrm{PH}_3

molecules are associated through hydrogen bonding.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

Option D ((A) is correct but (R) is not correct) is correct because PH3 has a lower boiling point than NH3, but the reason is due to weaker van der Waals forces, not hydrogen bonding in PH3.

30 Medium

30 of 494

Application +4 | -1

An atom with atomic number 20 is most likely to combine chemically with the atom whose atomic number is:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Option B (16) is correct because an atom with atomic number 20 (Calcium) is most likely to combine with an atom with atomic number 16 (Sulfur) to form an ionic compound.

Revision notes and key takeaways

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Key Takeaways

✓ This set contains 494 single-correct-answer MCQs on CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE.
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