Biomolecules practice · Easy

Option C (Co-enzymes) is correct because co-enzymes are non-protein substances required by certain enzymes for their activity.

Option C (51) is correct because the number of amino acids in insulin is 51.

Option B (Starch) is correct because starch gives a blue-black color with iodine due to the formation of a complex.

Option B (Fructose) is correct because fructose gives a reddish-brown precipitate with resorcinol in dilute HCl in the Seliwanoff's test.

Option D (All are correct) is correct because DNA synthesizes RNA, synthesizes necessary proteins, and carries hereditary characteristics.

Option B (Maltose) is correct because maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units.

Option A (Phospholipids) is correct because cell membranes are primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which provides the structural basis for the membrane.

Option C (Glycogen) is correct because glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals, analogous to starch in plants.

Option A is correct because lipids are esters of long-chain fatty acids with glycerol or other alcohols.

Option C (51) is correct because insulin consists of two polypeptide chains containing 21 and 30 amino acids, totaling 51.

Option D ($\alpha$) is correct because proteins are hydrolyzed into alpha-amino acids.

Option B (Guanine) is correct because Guanine is a purine base, while Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil are pyrimidine bases.

Option A is correct because rice is known to be deficient in the essential amino acid lysine.

Option B (Nucleoside) is correct because adenosine is composed of a ribose sugar and an adenine base, which defines it as a nucleoside.

Option A (3 to 8 carbon atoms) is correct because monosaccharides typically contain 3 to 8 carbon atoms, with examples including trioses (3C), tetroses (4C), pentoses (5C), hexoses (6C), heptoses (7C), and octoses (8C).

Option A (Phosphoric acid) is correct because DNA is composed of deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group (phosphoric acid).

The correct answer is B (RNA) because ribose sugar is a fundamental component of ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Option A (To the right) is correct because D-glucose is dextrorotatory, meaning it rotates plane-polarized light to the right.

Option B (A hormone) is correct because insulin is a proteinaceous hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism.

Option D (Pancreas) is correct because the hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas, which regulates blood sugar levels.

Option D (An ester of glycerol with fatty acids) is correct because glycerides are formed when glycerol reacts with fatty acids to form esters.

The correct answer is B (Leucine, lysine, tryptophane) because these are all essential amino acids, meaning they cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet.

Option B (Prostaglandin) is correct because prostaglandins are derived from fatty acids and are not steroid-based hormones.

Option B (Starch) is correct because starch is a polysaccharide composed of amylose and amylopectin.

Option C (Olein) is correct because oils typically contain a higher percentage of olein, which is a triglyceride derived from oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid.

Option D (All of the above) is correct because gums are polysaccharides, used as thickening agents, and improve texture in the food industry.

Option B ($\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}^{3 + }}$) is correct because while iron can be involved in enzyme active sites, $Fe^{3+}$ itself is not generally considered a direct enzyme poison in the same way as cyanide, lead, or arsenate.

Option C (Vitamin C) is correct because deficiency of Vitamin C causes scurvy.

Option D (Hormones) is correct because hormones, while essential for bodily functions, are not considered essential constituents of a balanced diet in the same way as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Option A (Saturated fat) is correct because hydrogenation of vegetable oils in the presence of a nickel catalyst leads to the formation of saturated fats.