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50 Biology MCQs for NEET practice

Practise 50 Biology MCQs covering genetics, human and plant physiology, ecology, cell biology and biotechnology, then review the answer list.

Published 3/10/2025 · Updated 3/10/2025

# 50 Biology MCQs for NEET practice This set contains 50 Biology multiple-choice questions on genetics, human and plant physiology, ecology, cell biology and biotechnology. Attempt the questions, then review the answer list and investigate any unclear reasoning. The set is practice material, not a prediction of a future paper or a complete simulated NEET examination. ## How to use this Biology question set The following questions provide practice across several Biology topics. They are not ranked by a documented exam-frequency analysis and do not predict a later NEET paper. Use them to check your understanding and: * **Identify Weak Areas:** Pinpoint chapters or concepts where your understanding is lacking. * **Improve Time Management:** Learn to answer questions accurately and quickly under pressure. * **Understand Exam Pattern:** Familiarize yourself with the types of questions asked and their difficulty level. * **Reinforce Concepts:** Active recall through MCQs strengthens memory and conceptual clarity. * **Boost Confidence:** Successfully solving challenging questions builds self-assurance for the actual exam. For instance, topics like Mendelian Genetics, Human Reproduction, Photosynthesis, and Ecological Pyramids consistently feature in NEET. Our selection prioritizes these areas, ensuring you get the most bang for your buck in your preparation. ## Section 1: Genetics and Evolution Genetics forms the backbone of modern biology and is a high-scoring section in NEET. Expect questions ranging from basic Mendelian principles to molecular genetics and evolutionary mechanisms. ### Practice questions on Genetics **1.** Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy? a) ABO blood groups b) Sickle-cell anemia c) Skin color in humans d) Flower color in *Mirabilis jalapa* **2.** If a colorblind man marries a woman who is a carrier for color blindness, what is the probability that their son will be colorblind? a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 100% **3.** The concept of 'survival of the fittest' was proposed by: a) Lamarck b) Darwin c) Hugo de Vries d) Alfred Wallace **4.** Which enzyme is responsible for 'unwinding' the DNA double helix during replication? a) DNA polymerase b) DNA ligase c) Helicase d) Primase **5.** A cross between an F1 hybrid and its recessive parent is known as: a) Monohybrid cross b) Dihybrid cross c) Test cross d) Back cross **6.** The phenomenon where a single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits is called: a) Polygenic inheritance b) Incomplete dominance c) Pleiotropy d) Codominance **7.** Which of the following is a vestigial organ in humans? a) Appendix b) Pancreas c) Thyroid gland d) Spleen **8.** The process of formation of RNA from DNA is called: a) Replication b) Translation c) Transcription d) Transduction **9.** Who proposed the 'chromosomal theory of inheritance'? a) T.H. Morgan b) Sutton and Boveri c) Grifith d) Watson and Crick **10.** Genetic drift operates in: a) Large populations b) Small isolated populations c) Fast-reproducing populations d) Populations with high gene flow ## Section 2: Human Physiology Human Physiology is a cornerstone of NEET Biology, covering various systems like digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, nervous, endocrine, and reproduction. Understanding the mechanisms and disorders is key. ### Practice questions on Human Physiology **11.** The functional unit of kidney is: a) Neuron b) Nephron c) Alveolus d) Hepatocyte **12.** Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst? a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum c) Hypothalamus d) Medulla oblongata **13.** The hormone responsible for the 'fight or flight' response is: a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Adrenaline (Epinephrine) d) Thyroxine **14.** Where does fertilization normally occur in humans? a) Uterus b) Vagina c) Ovary d) Fallopian tube (Oviduct) **15.** The pacemaker of the heart is: a) AV node b) Bundle of His c) Purkinje fibers d) SA node **16.** Deficiency of which vitamin causes night blindness? a) Vitamin B1 b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin A d) Vitamin D **17.** What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine? a) Produce digestive enzymes b) Secrete hormones c) Increase surface area for absorption d) Store bile **18.** Which blood group is considered the universal recipient? a) A+ b) B- c) AB+ d) O- **19.** The process of exchange of gases between blood and tissues is called: a) External respiration b) Internal respiration c) Ventilation d) Cellular respiration **20.** Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? a) AIDS b) Cancer c) Rheumatoid arthritis d) Tuberculosis ## Section 3: Plant Physiology and Diversity Plant Biology, including physiology, morphology, anatomy, and diversity of life forms, is another significant segment. Questions often test understanding of processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and plant hormones, alongside classification. ### Practice questions on Plant Physiology **21.** The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis is: a) Carotenoids b) Xanthophylls c) Chlorophyll a d) Phycobilins **22.** Which of the following is a C4 plant? a) Rice b) Wheat c) Maize d) Potato **23.** The ascent of sap is primarily due to: a) Root pressure b) Transpiration pull c) Cohesion-tension theory d) Both b and c **24.** Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation and fruit ripening? a) Auxin b) Gibberellin c) Cytokinin d) Ethylene **25.** Which of the following is a living fossil? a) *Cycas* b) *Ginkgo* c) *Pinus* d) *Sequoia* **26.** The end product of glycolysis is: a) Glucose b) Pyruvic acid c) Acetyl CoA d) Lactic acid **27.** Which tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals in plants? a) Phloem b) Xylem c) Cambium d) Parenchyma **28.** Double fertilization is a characteristic feature of: a) Algae b) Fungi c) Angiosperms d) Gymnosperms **29.** The movement of water from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a semi-permeable membrane is called: a) Diffusion b) Active transport c) Osmosis d) Imbibition **30.** Which of the following is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium found in root nodules of leguminous plants? a) *Azotobacter* b) *Nitrobacter* c) *Rhizobium* d) *Pseudomonas* ## Section 4: Ecology and Environment Ecology and Environment are increasingly important topics, often reflecting current global issues. Questions focus on ecosystem structure, population interactions, biodiversity, and environmental conservation. ### Practice questions on Ecology **31.** The term 'ecosystem' was coined by: a) E. Haeckel b) A.G. Tansley c) E.P. Odum d) Reiter **32.** Which of the following is a primary consumer? a) Lion b) Deer c) Snake d) Fungi **33.** The 'ozone layer' is found in which layer of the atmosphere? a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere **34.** Which of the following is an example of a 'keystone species'? a) Rabbit b) Starfish c) Grass d) Mosquito **35.** The phenomenon of excessive growth of algae in water bodies due to nutrient enrichment is called: a) Biomagnification b) Eutrophication c) Acid rain d) Desertification **36.** What is the percentage of solar energy captured by producers in an ecosystem? a) 0.1% b) 1% c) 10% d) 100% **37.** The interaction between two species where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited is called: a) Mutualism b) Commensalism c) Parasitism d) Competition **38.** Biodiversity hotspots are characterized by: a) High endemic species and high threat of habitat loss b) Low endemic species and low threat of habitat loss c) High endemic species and low threat of habitat loss d) Low endemic species and high threat of habitat loss **39.** The primary cause of biodiversity loss is: a) Pollution b) Climate change c) Habitat loss and fragmentation d) Over-exploitation **40.** Which of the following is a greenhouse gas? a) Oxygen b) Nitrogen c) Carbon dioxide d) Argon ## Section 5: Cell Biology, Biotechnology, and Human Health This section covers fundamental cellular processes, the exciting field of biotechnology, and crucial aspects of human health and disease. Expect questions on cell structure, DNA technology, immunity, and common diseases. ### Practice questions on Cell Biology & Biotechnology **41.** Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'? a) Ribosome b) Nucleus c) Mitochondria d) Endoplasmic Reticulum **42.** The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane was proposed by: a) Schleiden and Schwann b) Robert Hooke c) Singer and Nicolson d) Rudolf Virchow **43.** Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell? a) Yeast b) Amoeba c) Bacteria d) Human muscle cell **44.** The process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell is called: a) Transformation b) Transduction c) Conjugation d) Replication **45.** PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is used for: a) Protein synthesis b) DNA amplification c) RNA degradation d) Cell division **46.** Antibodies are primarily made up of: a) Carbohydrates b) Lipids c) Proteins d) Nucleic acids **47.** Which type of immunity is provided by vaccination? a) Natural active immunity b) Artificial active immunity c) Natural passive immunity d) Artificial passive immunity **48.** The causative agent of AIDS is: a) Bacteria b) Fungus c) Virus d) Protozoa **49.** Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified organism (GMO)? a) Bt Cotton b) Hybrid Maize c) Seedless Watermelon d) Organic Rice **50.** Totipotency is the ability of a plant cell to: a) Differentiate into various cell types b) Divide indefinitely c) Develop into a complete plant d) Photosynthesize efficiently ## Answers to the Biology MCQs Here are the answers to the questions provided above. Make sure to review the concepts behind any questions you answered incorrectly. 1. b) Sickle-cell anemia 2. c) 50% 3. b) Darwin 4. c) Helicase 5. c) Test cross 6. c) Pleiotropy 7. a) Appendix 8. c) Transcription 9. b) Sutton and Boveri 10. b) Small isolated populations 11. b) Nephron 12. c) Hypothalamus 13. c) Adrenaline (Epinephrine) 14. d) Fallopian tube (Oviduct) 15. d) SA node 16. c) Vitamin A 17. c) Increase surface area for absorption 18. c) AB+ 19. b) Internal respiration 20. c) Rheumatoid arthritis 21. c) Chlorophyll a 22. c) Maize 23. d) Both b and c 24. d) Ethylene 25. b) *Ginkgo* 26. b) Pyruvic acid 27. b) Xylem 28. c) Angiosperms 29. c) Osmosis 30. c) *Rhizobium* 31. b) A.G. Tansley 32. b) Deer 33. b) Stratosphere 34. b) Starfish 35. b) Eutrophication 36. b) 1% 37. b) Commensalism 38. a) High endemic species and high threat of habitat loss 39. c) Habitat loss and fragmentation 40. c) Carbon dioxide 41. c) Mitochondria 42. c) Singer and Nicolson 43. c) Bacteria 44. a) Transformation 45. b) DNA amplification 46. c) Proteins 47. b) Artificial active immunity 48. c) Virus 49. a) Bt Cotton 50. c) Develop into a complete plant ## Key Takeaways for NEET Biology Preparation After the question set, use these suggestions to review your reasoning and plan another practice task: * **Conceptual Clarity is King:** Rote learning is insufficient. Understand the 'why' behind biological processes. For example, knowing *why* sickle-cell anemia is an example of pleiotropy (one gene affecting multiple traits) is more important than just memorizing the fact. * **Diagrams and Flowcharts:** Many physiological and genetic processes are best understood through diagrams. Practice drawing and labeling structures like the nephron, heart, or genetic crosses. * **NCERT is Your Bible:** The NEET exam is heavily based on NCERT textbooks. Ensure you've read and understood every line, including the summaries and diagrams. * **Regular Revision:** Biology contains a lot of facts and terms. Consistent revision, especially of high-yield topics, is essential to retain information. * **Practice, Practice, Practice:** The more MCQs you solve, the better you become at identifying patterns, managing time, and avoiding common pitfalls. Use these Top 50 Biology MCQs for NEET 2026 as a starting point, and expand your practice. * **Focus on Applications:** Many questions, especially in Human Health and Biotechnology, test your understanding of practical applications. For instance, knowing the use of PCR in diagnostics or the function of Bt Cotton. Review the answer list and investigate any unclear explanation. Check the applicable syllabus for topics this question set does not cover.