Respiration in plants practice · Easy

Option B (Carbohydrates) is correct because carbohydrates have a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 1, indicating that the volume of $CO_2$ produced equals the volume of $O_2$ consumed.

Option B (Nature of the substrate) is correct because the respiratory quotient is directly determined by the type of substrate being respired.

Option C (Hexokinase) is correct because hexokinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose during glycolysis.

Option C (Mitochondria) is correct because the TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) enzymes are located within the mitochondria.

The correct answer is D (Convert energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy that the cell can use) because cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy stored in its bonds, converting it into ATP, which the cell can use for various functions.

Option D (None of these) is correct because during anaerobic glycolysis, the 2 NADH+H+ produced are used to reduce pyruvate to lactate or acetaldehyde, and are not directly used to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation as in aerobic respiration.

Option D (Slower rate of respiration) is correct because refrigeration slows down metabolic processes, including respiration, thus preserving flavor and taste.

Option C is correct because living organisms need energy for daily activities, which is obtained through the oxidation of macromolecules.

Option A (All living cells) is correct because glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway present in all living organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Option C (ATP) is correct because ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various cellular processes.

Option B (Anaerobic respiration) is correct because it involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen, leading to products like lactic acid or ethanol.

Option D (Oxaloacetic acid + acetyl Co-A) is correct because the Krebs' cycle begins with the condensation of oxaloacetic acid and acetyl Co-A to form citric acid.

Option A (If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion) is correct because non-green parts cannot photosynthesize and rely on translocation of food from green parts.

Option A (Anaerobic respiration) is correct because cyanide inhibits the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration, so a cyanide-resistant pathway would be associated with anaerobic processes.

Option C (0.45) is correct because the efficiency is calculated by dividing the energy trapped in ATP by the total energy released from glucose oxidation.

Option C (Krebs’ cycle) is correct because decarboxylation, the removal of a carbon atom as $CO_2$, occurs in several steps within the Krebs cycle.

Option C (Mitochondrial matrix) is correct because the enzymes of the TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) are located within the mitochondrial matrix.

Option A (Cytoplasm) is correct because glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm.

Option A (Fats) is correct because fats yield the highest amount of energy (ATP) upon oxidation compared to proteins, starch, and vitamins due to their higher proportion of carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Option C (Increase the rate of glycolysis) is correct because, in an anaerobic environment, bacteria rely solely on glycolysis for ATP production. To maintain rapid growth, they must increase the rate of glycolysis to compensate for the lower ATP yield.

Option A (Catabolism) is correct because catabolism refers to the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Option C ($C - C$) is correct because the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds ($C - C$) in respiratory substrates releases energy during oxidation.

Option C (Take up two electrons at a time) is correct because both NAD+ and NADP+ accept two electrons along with a proton during reduction.

The correct answer is B (3) because during the complete oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate in aerobic respiration, 3 molecules of $C{O_2}$ are released.

Option B (Triolein) is correct because triolein, being a more unsaturated fat than tripalmitin, requires more oxygen for complete oxidation due to its chemical structure.

Option D (If both the assertion and reason are false) is correct because plants possess both lenticels and stomata for gaseous exchange, not just lenticels.

Option C (D) is correct because statement C and D are false. $NADH + H^+ \rightarrow NAD^+$ is fast in aerobic respiration, and glycerol changes into DHAP, not NADH.

Option C (Both (a) and (b)) is correct because both Glycolysis and the EMP pathway refer to the same metabolic process.

Option B (Fermentation) is correct because the dough becomes soft and spongy due to the production of carbon dioxide by yeast during fermentation.

Option B (Zero) is correct because in alcoholic fermentation, the NADH2 produced during glycolysis is used to reduce acetaldehyde to ethanol, regenerating NAD+, so there is no net gain.