Respiration in plants practice · Mixed difficulty

Option C (1520) is correct because each glucose molecule yields approximately 38 ATP molecules during complete oxidation, and 40 x 38 = 1520.

Option A ($0.7$) is correct because the respiratory quotient (RQ) for tripalmitin, a fat, is approximately 0.7.

Option A (Proteins) is correct because proteins generally have a respiratory quotient (RQ) less than one.

Option A (Zero) is correct because there are no compounds listed that are common products of all three processes: glycolysis, fermentation, and the Krebs cycle.

Option A (Only I) is correct because glycolysis takes place in the cytosol. It does produce ATP, has a connection with the electron transport chain (via NADH), and reduces two molecules of NAD+.

Option D (Is the only process of respiration in anaerobic organism) is correct because glycolysis is the sole ATP-producing pathway in many anaerobic organisms.

Option C (19) is correct because anaerobic respiration yields only 2 ATP per glucose molecule, so 19 glucose molecules are needed to produce 38 ATP.

Option D (IV, I, III, II) is correct because it arranges the enzymes based on the increasing carbon number of their substrates: Alcohol Dehydrogenase (2C), Enolase (3C), Fumarase (4C), Aconitase (6C).

The correct answer is A (Intermediates in the pathway are utilised to synthesise other compounds) because metabolic pathways are interconnected, and intermediates can be used for synthesizing other biomolecules.

Option C (If A is true, but R is false) is correct because carbohydrates are often the preferred initial substrate, but lipids can also be used in respiration.

Option B (Glycolysis, fermentation) is correct because anaerobic respiration consists of glycolysis followed by fermentation to regenerate NAD+.

The correct answer is A (RNA nucleotide) because ATP is an adenosine nucleotide with three phosphate groups, making it structurally similar to an RNA nucleotide (adenosine monophosphate).

Option C (Cellular respiration) is correct because cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down food materials to release energy.

Option B (Evolution of $CO_2$) is correct because both aerobic respiration and alcoholic fermentation produce $CO_2$ as a byproduct.

Option A (If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion) is correct because plants do not have specialized respiratory organs due to the limited transport of gases between plant parts; each part handles its own gas exchange.

Option B (cyt-b, c ,a, ${a_3}$) is correct because it represents the correct sequence of electron carriers in the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis.

Option A (If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion) is correct because glucose is indeed a respiratory substrate, and it is oxidized during cellular respiration to release energy.

Option C is correct because RQ less than 1 indicates that more oxygen is consumed relative to the carbon dioxide released during the oxidation of the respiratory substrate.

Option D is correct because succulent xerophytes like Opuntia fix carbon dioxide at night and have minimal respiration, resulting in an RQ value close to zero.

Option C ($15ATP,\mathrm{ }5NAD{H_2}$) is correct because each NADH2 molecule yields 3 ATP molecules in ETS, so 5 NADH2 will produce 15 ATP.

Option D (Cytochromes) is correct because cytochromes are essential components of the electron transport chain in both respiration and photosynthesis.

Option A is correct because 2 ATP molecules are utilized in the initial steps of glycolysis: one for glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and another for fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

Option D (0.7) is correct because the respiratory quotient (RQ) for fats like tripalmitin is typically around 0.7 due to the higher proportion of carbon and hydrogen compared to oxygen.

Option A (Oxidative process) is correct because Glycolysis involves the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate, with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH.

Option C ($1.33$) is correct because the respiratory quotient (RQ) of malic acid is 1.33.

Option B (10) is correct because EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) pathway, or glycolysis, produces a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. Each NADH yields 3 ATP in aerobic conditions, totaling 10 ATP.

Option C (Dry seeds) is correct because dry seeds have very low metabolic activity and therefore a minimal rate of respiration compared to metabolically active tissues.

Option D (Both (a) and (b)) is correct because plants use both stomata (in leaves) and lenticels (in stems) for gaseous exchange (CO2 intake and O2 release).

Option C (2) is correct because fermentation yields a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Option C (Both (a) and (b)) is correct because anaerobic respiration can occur in both lower organisms like bacteria and fungi, as well as in higher plants and animals under certain conditions (e.g., muscle cells during intense exercise).