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NEET • BIOLOGY • HUMAN REPRODUCTION
Human reproduction practice · Medium
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Understanding
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Some important events in the human female reproductive cycle are given below. Arrange the events in proper sequence.
I.Secretion of FSH
II.Growth of cropus luteum
III.Growth of the follicle and oogenesis
IV.Ovulation
V.Sudden increase in the levels of LH
I.Secretion of FSH
II.Growth of cropus luteum
III.Growth of the follicle and oogenesis
IV.Ovulation
V.Sudden increase in the levels of LH
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
I→III→V→IV→II
Option B (I→III→V→IV→II) is correct because it represents the correct sequence of events in the female reproductive cycle, starting with FSH secretion, follicle growth, LH surge, ovulation, and corpus luteum growth.
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Analyzing
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Find out the mismatch from the following homologous organs.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Vestibule – Penile urethra
Option C (Vestibule – Penile urethra) is the correct answer because the vestibule is a female structure, while the penile urethra is a male structure, and they are not homologous.
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Understanding
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In females, secondary oocyte completes meiosis II during
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Fusion of sperm with ovum
Option C is correct because in females, the secondary oocyte completes meiosis II during the fusion of sperm with the ovum (fertilization).
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Analyzing
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Assertion: Production of FSH increases, while that of LH decreases in the ovulation phase.
Reason: Due to decrease in the level of LH, ovulation (releasing of ova) takes place.
Reason: Due to decrease in the level of LH, ovulation (releasing of ova) takes place.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
Option C (If Assertion is true but Reason is false) is correct because FSH increases during the ovulation phase, while LH surges, leading to ovulation, not a decrease in LH.
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Remembering
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Corpus luteum release
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Progesterone
Option B (Progesterone) is correct because the corpus luteum primarily secretes progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the uterine lining during the luteal phase.
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Understanding
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…A… is made up of trophoblastic mesoderm inside and somatopleuric extraembryonic mesoderm outside. The space between embryo and the amnion is called …B… which is filled with clear watery fluid secreted by both embryo and membrane. It protects the embryo from shock and desiccation. A and B in above sentence are
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
A-Amnion; B-Amniotic cavity
Option B (A-Amnion; B-Amniotic cavity) is correct because the amnion is made up of trophoblastic mesoderm inside and somatopleuric extraembryonic mesoderm outside, and the space between the embryo and amnion is the amniotic cavity.
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Understanding
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Which of the following is a role of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
They provide nutrition to developing sperm; they direct morphogenesis of sperm
Option D (They provide nutrition to developing sperm; they direct morphogenesis of sperm) is correct because Sertoli cells provide both nutritional support and guidance during sperm development.
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Application
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Assume in a hypothetical species. In gametogenesis, the number of chromosomes in a spermatid would be _____ and in a first polar body would be ______.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Option D (6,6) is correct because in a species with 2n=12, a spermatid (after meiosis II) has n=6 chromosomes, and the first polar body (after meiosis I) also has n=6 chromosomes.
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Understanding
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If the size of a fertilized egg of frog is compared with the size of its blastula and gastrula stages, which of the following observations will be correct?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
Gastrula will be larger, while zygote and blastula will be of same size
Option B (All the three will be of the same size) is correct because cleavage divisions during blastula and gastrula stages are characterized by no significant growth in overall size, only an increase in cell number.
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Understanding
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A cross section at the midpoint of the middle piece of a human sperm will show
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
mitochondria and 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
Option C (mitochondria and 9+2 arrangement of microtubules) is correct because the midpiece of the sperm contains mitochondria for energy and the 9+2 microtubule arrangement of the axoneme.
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Remembering
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Ovaries are the …A… sex organs which produce ovum and several steroid hormone called …B… Here A and B refers to
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
A-primary; B-ovarian hormones
Option C (A-primary; B-ovarian hormones) is correct because ovaries are the primary sex organs in females, producing ova and ovarian hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
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Application
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A female having menstrual cycle of 34 days will have ovulation at:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
20th day
Option D (20th day) is correct because ovulation typically occurs 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period. With a 34-day cycle, 34 - 14 = 20.
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Analyzing
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Which of the following statements are true for spermatogenesis but do not hold true for Oogenesis?
(a) It results in the formation of haploid gametes
(b) Differentiation of gamete occurs after the completion of meiosis
(c) Meiosis occurs continuously in a mitotically dividing stem cell population
(d) It is controlled by the Luteinising hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) secreted by the anterior pituitary
(e) It is initiated at puberty
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) It results in the formation of haploid gametes
(b) Differentiation of gamete occurs after the completion of meiosis
(c) Meiosis occurs continuously in a mitotically dividing stem cell population
(d) It is controlled by the Luteinising hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) secreted by the anterior pituitary
(e) It is initiated at puberty
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
(b), (c) and (e) only
Option A ((b), (c) and (e) only) is correct because in spermatogenesis, differentiation occurs after meiosis, meiosis occurs continuously, and it is initiated at puberty. These statements are not true for oogenesis.
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Application
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How can you establish a normal menstrual cycle in a female, who is neither pregnant nor lactating but is suffering from emotional stress or poor health?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
By giving estrogen for 25 days, adding progesterone from 15 to 25 day
Option B (By giving estrogen for 25 days, adding progesterone from 15 to 25 day) is correct because this mimics the normal hormonal cycle, where estrogen promotes endometrial growth and progesterone stabilizes it.
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Understanding
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Assertion (A): Fructose is found in seminal fluid, it acts as a fuel to sperm.
Reason (R): Seminal vesicle fluid makes 60-70% part of semen.
Reason (R): Seminal vesicle fluid makes 60-70% part of semen.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Both A and R are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
Option B (Both A and R are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion) is correct because both the assertion and reason are true statements, but the reason doesn't explain why fructose is in seminal fluid.
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Understanding
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Choose the odd one w.r.t. menstrual cycle.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
Tiger
Option C (Tiger) is correct because tigers are mammals but do not exhibit a menstrual cycle; they have an estrous cycle instead.
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Understanding
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Hormones plays a very significant role in puberty. …A… secreted by …B… stimulates …C… lobe of pituitary to secrete …D… and …E… hormones. Testosterone brings developmental of secondary sex organs and secondary characters.
A, B, C, D and E in the above statement are
A, B, C, D and E in the above statement are
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
A-GnRH, B-hypothalamus, C-anterior, D-LH, E-FSH
Option B (A-GnRH, B-hypothalamus, C-anterior, D-LH, E-FSH) is correct because GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH.
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Remembering
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Insemination is
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
The transfer of sperms by male in to the genital tract of female
Option D (The transfer of sperms by male in to the genital tract of female) is correct because insemination refers to the deposition of sperm into the female reproductive tract.
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Understanding
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The corpus luteum secretes progesterone which negatively feeds back and inhibits the release of
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
LH and FSH
Option C (LH and FSH) is correct because progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum, inhibits the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary, preventing further ovulation during pregnancy or the luteal phase.
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Analyzing
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Assertion: Parturition is induced by neural signal in maternal pituitary.
Reason: At the end of gestation period, the maternal pituitary releases prolactin which causes uterine contractions.
Reason: At the end of gestation period, the maternal pituitary releases prolactin which causes uterine contractions.
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
If both Assertion and Reason are false
Option D is correct because parturition is induced by signals from the fully developed fetus and placenta, not primarily by neural signals in the maternal pituitary, and the pituitary releases oxytocin, not prolactin, for uterine contractions.
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Remembering
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Luteal phase is also called
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Secretory phase
Option A (Secretory phase) is correct because the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is also known as the secretory phase.
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Understanding
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Changes in pulse frequency in females is controlled by circulating levels of:
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Estrogen and progesterone
Option A (Estrogen and progesterone) is correct because circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone exert negative feedback on the hypothalamus, influencing GnRH pulse frequency.
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Remembering
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Extraembryonic membranes are also called
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Foetal membranes
Option A (Foetal membranes) is correct because extraembryonic membranes are also known as fetal membranes as they surround and support the developing fetus.
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Application
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2n=16 is a primary spermatocyte, which is in metaphase of first meiotic division. What shall be the total number of chromatids in each of the secondary spermatocyte?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
16
Option C (16) is correct because a primary spermatocyte with 2n=16 undergoing meiosis I has 16 chromosomes, each with two chromatids (32 chromatids total). After meiosis I, each secondary spermatocyte receives half the number of chromosomes (n=8), but each chromosome still consists of two chromatids, resulting in 16 chromatids per secondary spermatocyte.
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Understanding
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Hormone …A… secretes by the anterior lobe of pituitary, which stimulates the ovarian follicle and follicle secrets the …B… hormone. Here A and B refers to
View answer and explanation
Correct option: D
A-FSH; B-oestrogen
Option D (A-FSH; B-oestrogen) is correct because FSH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the ovarian follicle, which then secretes oestrogen.
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Understanding
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Which one of the following is the most likely root cause why menstruation is not taking place in regularly cycling human female?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Fertilization of the ovum
Option B (Fertilization of the ovum) is correct because fertilization leads to pregnancy, which suppresses the menstrual cycle.
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Remembering
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The immediate cause of induction of ovulation in female is the large plasma surge of
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
LH
Option C (LH) is correct because the surge of LH triggers ovulation, causing the release of the egg from the Graafian follicle.
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Remembering
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How many phases (stages) are there in menstrual cycle?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: C
4
Option C (4) is correct because the menstrual cycle is typically divided into four phases: menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.
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Understanding
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Which one of the following is the most likely reason of not occurring regular menstruation cycle in females?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: A
Fertilization of the ovum
Option A (Fertilization of the ovum) is correct because fertilization leads to pregnancy, which suppresses the regular menstrual cycle.
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Remembering
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Name the hormone, which stimulates growth and development of breast in preparation for lactation?
View answer and explanation
Correct option: B
Human placental lactogen
Option B (Human placental lactogen) is correct because human placental lactogen (hPL) stimulates the growth and development of breast tissue in preparation for lactation during pregnancy.
Revision notes and key takeaways
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Key Takeaways
- ✓ This set contains 106 single-correct-answer MCQs on HUMAN REPRODUCTION.
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