Breathing and exchange of gases practice · Medium

Arrange the following in the order of increasing volume
I.Tidal volume
II.Residual volume
III.Expiratory reserve volume
IV.Vital capacity

Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of:

A person comes to a chest physician with a complain of difficulty in breathing mainly during expiration. On further investigation he is found to have a long history of smoking. Which disease he is likely to suffer?

Which of the following can respire anaerobically in human body?

The olfactory epithelium responsible for the sense of smell is located in the

Complete the analogy. Pneumonia : Alveoli : : Common cold : ______

Assertion : In mammals, complex respiratory
system has developed.

Reason : Mammalian skin is impermeable to
gases.

Complete the analogy by selecting the correct option
Cutaneous respiration : Earthworm : : Pulmonary respiration :______

A molecule of air enters the nose through the external nostrils which of the following is the correct pathway to the trachea?

$C{O_2}$ diffuses into …A… and forms $\mathrm{HCO}_3^ -$ and ${H^ + }$. At the …B… site where $PC{O_2}$ is low, the reaction proceeds in the opposite direction.
Thus, $C{O_2}$ is trapped as …C… at the tissue level and transported to alveoli is released out as …D…
Select the right choice for A, B, C and D to complete the given NCERT statement

Select the correct match.

Consider the following statements regarding regulation of respiration.
a. Role of oxygen is insignificant in regulation of respiratory rhythm.
b. An increase in concentration of CO2 and H+ ions, in arterial blood, activate chemosensitive area, which in turn signals pneumotaxic centre to make necessary adjustments.
c. Respiratory rhythm centre in medulla is primarily responsible for regulation of respiration.
d. Neural signals from pneumotaxic centre can increase the duration of inspiration.
Choose the option that mentions all correct statements.

Which part of the brain is called respiratory rhythm centre?

Arrange the given steps of respiration mechanism in the order, they occur in the human body
I. Breathing or pulmonary ventilation
II. Diffusion across the alveolar membrane
III. Transport of gases by blood
IV. Utilisation of ${O_2}$ by cells
V. Diffusion of ${O_2}$ and $C{O_2}$ between blood and tissues
Choose the correct option

A person who has inhaled normally has been asked to shout loudly what is the volume of air expected to be present in the lungs after this?

Assertion: The volume of air a person can expire after normal inspiration is TV + ERV
Reason: Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration is ERV + RV
These question consist of two statements each, printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these Questions you are required to choose any one of the following four responses

Which two of the following changes (I-IV) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?
I. Increase in red blood cell size.
II. Increase in red blood cell production.
III. Increased breathing rate.
IV. Increase in thrombocyte count.
Changes occurring are

The oesophagus and trachea open into (A) . A cartilaginous flap called (B) prevents the entry of food into the glottis. (A) & (B) are.

Choose the odd one w.r.t. type of cartilage.

How many of the following factors given in the box favor the formation of oxyhemoglobin? High $p{O_2},\mathrm{ }Low\mathrm{ }pC{O_2}$, High temperature, High H+ concentration. Choose the correct option.

Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because

Identify the correct group of statements
I. Oxygen is carried by haemoglobin
II. Oxygen is carried by carbonic anhydrase
III. $C{O_2}$ is carried by haemoglobin
IV. $S{O_2}$ is carried by haemoglobin
V. Only oxygen is transported by the blood
VI. Only $C{O_2}$ is transported by the blood
Choose the correct option

I. Intra pulmonary pressure remains less than the atmospheric pressure
II. There is negative pressure in the lungs than the atmospheric pressure
In which of the above two situations inspiration takes place?
Choose the correct option accordingly?

Assertion: ${pO}_2$ in exhaled air is greater than ${pO}_2$ in alveolar air.

Reason: $pO_2$ in blood of pulmonary artery is equal to ${pCO}_2$ in blood of pulmonary veins.

Inspiratory capacity of lungs is

Read following statements carefully and select the option containing all correct statements.

a. ${pO}_2$ of atmospheric air is more than ${pO}_2$ of alveolar air.

b. Diffusion of gases through respiration membrane depends upon their solubility and partial pressure.

c. Intrapleural pressure during normal inspiration is less than intra pulmonary pressure.

d. Decrease in activity / frequency of pneumotaxic centre increases breathing rate.

Assertion: Major part of ${CO}_2$ is transported as bicarbonate ions formed in RBCs.

Reason: An enzyme carbonic anhydrase present only in RBCs catalyses the reaction.

For increasing efficiency of Lungs, respiratory surface should have following features except

Hypoxia is caused due to

Why does the air in the nasal cavity get warmed?