Breathing and exchange of gases practice · Easy

Option D (If both the assertion and reason are false) is correct because fishes do not use tracheal tubes for respiration, and they are not amphibians.

Option D ($4.0-16^{\circ} 79$) is correct because exhaled air has a higher percentage of carbon dioxide and a lower percentage of oxygen compared to inhaled air, while nitrogen remains relatively constant.

Option D (both A and B) is correct because both respiration and breathing involve the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Option D (If both the assertion and reason are false) is correct because humans cannot directly alter pulmonary volume without changes in the thoracic cavity, and lungs are elastic, not inelastic.

Option B (More surface area for diffusion of gases) is correct because alveoli increase the surface area available for efficient gas exchange in the lungs.

Option A (Diffusion) is correct because oxygen is transported from the lungs to the cells primarily through the process of diffusion, driven by the concentration gradient.

Option C (4 mL of $CO_2$) is correct because every 100 mL of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 mL of carbon dioxide to the alveoli.

Option B (insects – body surface) is correct because insects primarily use a tracheal system for respiration, not their general body surface.

Option C (Volume of the thoracic cavity increases) is correct because during expiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, not increases.

Option C (If the assertion is true but the reason is false) is correct because Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = ERV + RV is correct, but Expiratory Capacity (EC) = TV + ERV, not TV + IRV.

Option A (Archnida) is correct because book lungs are the respiratory organs found in arachnids like spiders and scorpions.

Option B (Respiratory pigment) is correct because hemoglobin is the pigment responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood.

The correct answer is D (all of the above) because the nasal cavity and nasopharynx warm, moisten, and filter the inspired air.

Option C ($High\,\,p{O_2},Low\,\,pC{O_2},less{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {H^ + },$ Lower temperature) is correct because these conditions favor the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in the alveoli.

Option C (Four molecules of ${O_2}$) is correct because each hemoglobin molecule contains four heme groups, each capable of binding one oxygen molecule.

Option A (Tidal volume) is correct because tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration without effort.

Option B ($2500\,\,\mathrm{to}\,3000\,ml$) is correct because it represents the normal range for Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) in humans.

The correct answer is B ($\rho \mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}_2}$ is low and $\rho {\mathrm{O}_2}$ is high in alveoli) because in the alveoli, the low partial pressure of carbon dioxide and high partial pressure of oxygen favor the dissociation of carbon dioxide from carbaminohemoglobin.

Option A (1500 mL) is correct because Expiratory Capacity (EC) is the sum of Tidal Volume (TV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), so EC = TV + ERV = 500 mL + 1000 mL = 1500 mL.

The correct answer is C (Epiglottis and trachea) because the larynx is located between the epiglottis (above) and the trachea (below).

The correct answer is D (A-glottis, B-trachea) because the nasopharynx opens through the glottis of the larynx region into the trachea.

Option D (diaphragm got punctured) is correct because a punctured diaphragm would immediately compromise breathing, leading to instant death.

Option D (Heart failure) is correct because congestion of the lungs is a common symptom of heart failure, where the heart cannot effectively pump blood, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs.

Option C (Damaged alveolar walls) is correct because emphysema is characterized by the destruction and enlargement of the alveolar walls, reducing the surface area for gas exchange.

Option B (It is the common passage for air only) is correct because the nasopharynx is a common passage for both air and food.

Option A (quite insignificant) is correct because the primary regulators of respiratory rhythm are CO2 and H+ levels, not oxygen.

The correct answer is C (In $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}_2}$ transport, buffers plays an important role) because buffers in the blood, such as bicarbonate, hemoglobin, and plasma proteins, neutralize the acidity produced by carbon dioxide.

Option D (Emphysema) is correct because cigarette smoking is a major cause of this chronic respiratory disorder involving damage to the alveoli.

Option C (Larynx) is correct because the vocal cords are located within the larynx, also known as the voice box.

Option A (Asthma) is correct because asthma involves inflammation and narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles.