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NEET • BIOLOGY • BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION

Body fluids and circulation practice · Medium

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151 Medium

151 of 157

Understanding +4 | -1

Incomplete circulation is found in
I. reptiles II. amphibians
III. birds IV. mammals
The correct option with appropriate choices is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

I and II

Option A (I and II) is correct because reptiles and amphibians have incomplete double circulation due to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in their single ventricle.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I and II. Reptiles and amphibians have incomplete circulation.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Define incomplete circulation. Incomplete circulation refers to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart.

Step 2: Recall the heart structure in different animal groups. Reptiles (except crocodiles) and amphibians have a 3-chambered heart with two atria and one ventricle, leading to mixing of blood.

Step 3: Recall the heart structure in birds and mammals. Birds and mammals have a 4-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles, preventing mixing of blood (complete double circulation).

Step 4: Identify the correct options. Reptiles (I) and amphibians (II) have incomplete circulation.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Birds (III) and mammals (IV) have complete double circulation.
- Option C: Birds (III) have complete double circulation, while amphibians (II) have incomplete circulation.
- Option D: Reptiles (I) have incomplete circulation, while mammals (IV) have complete double circulation.

Key Concepts:
- Incomplete circulation
- Complete double circulation
- Heart structure in vertebrates

Memory Aids:
- 3-chambered heart = incomplete circulation.
- 4-chambered heart = complete double circulation.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the heart structure and its impact on blood circulation.

152 Medium

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Analyzing +4 | -1

A child with blood group genotype

\mathrm{I_AI_B}

is born of a woman with genotype

\mathrm{I_BI_B}.

The father could not be a
man of genotype:

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

\mathrm{I^BI^B}

Option

\mathrm{I^BI^B}

is correct because if the mother is

\mathrm{I_BI_B}

, she can only contribute

\mathrm{I_B}

allele, and for the child to be

\mathrm{I_AI_B}

, the father must contribute

\mathrm{I_A}

, which is not possible if the father is

\mathrm{I_BI_B}

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: $\mathrm{I^BI^B}$ . The father cannot be $\mathrm{I^BI^B}$ because the child has $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele, which must come from the father.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: The child's genotype is $\mathrm{I_AI_B}$ . This means the child has one $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele and one $\mathrm{I_B}$ allele.

Step 2: The mother's genotype is $\mathrm{I_BI_B}$ . This means the mother can only contribute an $\mathrm{I_B}$ allele to the child.

Step 3: Therefore, the $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele in the child must come from the father.

Step 4: Analyze the possible father genotypes:
- A) $\mathrm{I^AI^A}$ : This father can contribute an $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele.
- B) $\mathrm{I^AI^B}$ : This father can contribute an $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele.
- C) $\mathrm{I^BI^B}$ : This father can only contribute an $\mathrm{I_B}$ allele. This is not possible.
- D) $\mathrm{I^AI}$ : This father can contribute an $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele.

Step 5: The father cannot be a man of genotype $\mathrm{I^BI^B}$ .

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: $\mathrm{I^AI^A}$ - Incorrect because this father can contribute the $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele.
- Option B: $\mathrm{I^AI^B}$ - Incorrect because this father can contribute the $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele.
- Option D: $\mathrm{I^AI}$ - Incorrect because this father can contribute the $\mathrm{I_A}$ allele.

Key Concepts:
- ABO blood group system
- Genotype and phenotype
- Inheritance patterns

Memory Aids:
- Remember that 'i' is recessive and $I^A$ and $I^B$ are codominant.

Quick Tips:
- Work backwards from the child's genotype to determine the possible parental genotypes.

153 Medium

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Understanding +4 | -1

Mark the unmatched one

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

Acidophils – Secrete heparin

Option C (Acidophils – Secrete heparin) is the unmatched one because acidophils (eosinophils) are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, and they do NOT secrete heparin. Heparin is secreted by basophils.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Acidophils – Secrete heparin. Acidophils do not secrete heparin; they are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

Step-by-Step Solution:\nStep 1: Understand the function of each type of white blood cell.\nStep 2: Recall that neutrophils are phagocytic.\nStep 3: Recall that basophils secrete histamine and heparin.\nStep 4: Recall that acidophils (eosinophils) are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.\nStep 5: Recall that lymphocytes secrete antibodies.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Neutrophils – Phagocytic. This is correct.
- Option B: Basophils – Secrete histamine. This is correct.
- Option D: Lymphocytes – Secrete antibodies. This is correct.

Key Concepts:
- White blood cells (leukocytes)
- Neutrophils, basophils, acidophils (eosinophils), lymphocytes
- Function of each type of white blood cell

Memory Aids:
- Neutrophils: "Neutralize" invaders by phagocytosis.
- Basophils: "Basic" inflammatory response (histamine).
- Acidophils: "Acid"-loving; fight parasites and allergies.
- Lymphocytes: "Lymph" system; immunity.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the specific functions of each type of white blood cell.

154 Medium

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Remembering +4 | -1

A person with blood group B can donate blood to people with blood groups

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

B and AB

Option B (B and AB) is correct because a person with blood group B can donate blood to individuals with blood group B and AB due to the presence of B antigens on their red blood cells.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: B and AB. Blood group B can donate to B and AB.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the rules of blood donation based on blood groups.

Step 2: A person with blood group B has B antigens on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in their plasma. Therefore, they can donate blood to individuals with blood group B (who also have B antigens) and blood group AB (who have both A and B antigens). Blood group B cannot donate to A or O because of the anti-A antibodies.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: A and O is incorrect because blood group B has anti-A antibodies and cannot donate to A or O.
- Option C: AB and A is incorrect because blood group B has anti-A antibodies and cannot donate to A.
- Option D: O and B is incorrect because blood group B cannot donate to O.

Key Concepts:
- Blood groups (A, B, AB, O)
- Antigens and antibodies
- Blood donation compatibility

Memory Aids:
- Remember the antigens and antibodies present in each blood group.

Quick Tips:
- Understand the blood group compatibility rules to answer quickly.

155 Medium

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Analyzing +4 | -1

Assertion: At a very slow velocity, blood flows
in the lacunae and sinuses of prawn.

Resaon: This occurs because of the absence of
heart in the prawn.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: C

If Assertion is true but Reason is false

Option C (If Assertion is true but Reason is false) is correct because while the assertion about slow blood velocity in prawn lacunae and sinuses is true, the reason incorrectly states that prawns lack a heart.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: If Assertion is true but Reason is false. The assertion about slow blood velocity is true, but prawns do have a heart.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the assertion. The assertion states that blood flows at a very slow velocity in the lacunae and sinuses of prawn. This is true due to the open circulatory system.

Step 2: Understand the reason. The reason states that this occurs because of the absence of a heart in the prawn. This is false; prawns do have a heart.

Step 3: Determine if the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. The reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion because prawns do have a heart, although it's less efficient than a closed circulatory system.

Step 4: Conclude the answer. The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: The reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
- Option B: The reason is false.
- Option D: The assertion is true.

Key Concepts:
- Open circulatory system
- Blood flow in prawns

Memory Aids:
- Prawns have an open circulatory system and a heart.

Quick Tips:
- Remember that prawns have a heart, even with an open circulatory system.

156 Medium

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Understanding +4 | -1

Neural centre in medulla oblongata can moderate the cardiac function through

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)

Option A (ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)) is correct because the medulla oblongata uses the autonomic nervous system to regulate cardiac function.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: ANS (Autonomic Nervous System). The medulla oblongata modulates cardiac function through the autonomic nervous system.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Identify the function of the medulla oblongata in regulating cardiac function.

Step 2: Recall that the medulla oblongata contains the cardiovascular control center, which regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

Step 3: Understand that the cardiovascular control center exerts its control through the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Step 4: The ANS has two branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which have opposing effects on cardiac function.

Step 5: The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and contractility, while the parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: The sympathetic nervous system is a component of the ANS, but the ANS as a whole is the correct answer.
- Option C: The parasympathetic nervous system is a component of the ANS, but the ANS as a whole is the correct answer.
- Option D: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and does not directly regulate cardiac function.

Key Concepts:
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Medulla Oblongata
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Cardiac Function Regulation

Memory Aids:
- ANS controls automatic functions like heart rate.
- Sympathetic = "fight or flight" (increases heart rate).
- Parasympathetic = "rest and digest" (decreases heart rate).

Quick Tips:
- Remember that the medulla oblongata is the primary control center for cardiovascular function.

157 Medium

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Remembering +4 | -1

Clotting disorders occur mainly due to the reduction in the number of

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

Platelets

Option D (Platelets) is correct because Platelets are essential for blood clotting, and a reduction in their number leads to clotting disorders.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Platelets. Platelets are crucial for blood clotting, and their reduction causes clotting disorders.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Understand the role of different blood cells in clotting.

Step 2: Platelets (thrombocytes) are directly involved in initiating and facilitating blood clot formation.

Step 3: A reduction in platelet count (thrombocytopenia) leads to impaired clotting and bleeding disorders.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) are types of white blood cells involved in immune responses, not directly in clotting.
- Option B: RBCs (red blood cells) are involved in oxygen transport, not directly in clotting.
- Option C: WBCs (white blood cells) are involved in immune responses, not directly in clotting (except for some indirect roles).

Key Concepts:
- Blood cells and their functions
- Role of platelets in blood clotting

Memory Aids:
- Platelets = Plugs (for clotting)

Quick Tips:
- Remember that platelets are the primary cells responsible for blood clotting.

Revision notes and key takeaways

Review BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION in your textbook or class notes, then use this set to check your understanding.

Showing 151-157 of 157 questions

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