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NEET • BIOLOGY • BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

Biological classification practice · Medium

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91 Medium

91 of 96

Understanding +4 | -1

A place was rocky and barren but now there is a green forest, the sequence of origin is

View answer and explanation

Correct option: A

Lichen, moss, herbs, shrubs

Option A (Lichen, moss, herbs, shrubs) is correct because lichens are pioneer species that break down rock, followed by mosses, then herbs, and finally shrubs in ecological succession.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Lichen, moss, herbs, shrubs. This sequence represents the typical order of ecological succession on bare rock.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

Step 2: In primary succession, which occurs on bare rock, the first colonizers are typically lichens. They can break down the rock and create a thin layer of soil.

Step 3: Mosses then colonize the area, further contributing to soil formation.

Step 4: Herbs, with their shallow roots, can then grow in the thin soil.

Step 5: Finally, shrubs, with their deeper roots, can establish themselves as the soil becomes more developed.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option B: Mosses cannot colonize bare rock without the prior action of lichens.
- Option C: Shrubs cannot grow before herbs in the early stages of soil development.
- Option D: Shrubs and herbs require more developed soil than lichens and mosses can provide initially.

Key Concepts:
- Ecological succession
- Primary succession
- Pioneer species

Memory Aids:
- Remember the order: Lichen -> Moss -> Herbs -> Shrubs (LMHS) as a memory aid for primary succession.

Quick Tips:
- Consider the soil requirements of different plant types when determining the order of succession.

92 Medium

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Understanding +4 | -1

State whether the given statements are true or false I. Five kingdom system of classification did not differentiated between the heterotrophic group, fungi and the autotrophic green plants, through they showed a characteristic difference in their walls composition. II. Fungi wall contains chitin, while the green plants has a cellulosic cell wall Codes

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

I is false, but II is true

Option B (I is false, but II is true) is correct because the five-kingdom system *did* differentiate fungi from green plants based on cell wall composition.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I is false, but II is true. The five-kingdom system differentiated fungi from green plants based on cell wall composition.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze statement I: The five-kingdom system (proposed by Whittaker) *did* differentiate between fungi and green plants based on cell wall composition (chitin vs. cellulose). Therefore, statement I is false.

Step 2: Analyze statement II: Fungi cell walls contain chitin, while green plants have cellulosic cell walls. Therefore, statement II is true.

Step 3: Conclusion: Statement I is false, and statement II is true.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Statement I is false.
- Option C: Statement I is false.
- Option D: Statement II is true.

Key Concepts:
- Five-kingdom classification
- Cell wall composition (chitin vs. cellulose)
- Fungi
- Green plants

Memory Aids:
- Fungi have chitin; plants have cellulose.

Quick Tips:
- Remember the key differences used in the five-kingdom classification.

93 Medium

93 of 96

Understanding +4 | -1

Analyse the following statements about class-Ascomycetes
I. Mycelium is branched and septate
II. The asexual spores are conidia, produced on the special mycelium called conidiophores
III. Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced in sac like asci. These asci are arranged in same types of fruiting bodies called ascocarps
Which of the statements given above are correct

View answer and explanation

Correct option: D

I, II and III

Option D (I, II and III) is correct because all three statements accurately describe the characteristics of class-Ascomycetes fungi.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: I, II and III. All statements are correct descriptions of Ascomycetes.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Statement I: Ascomycetes have a mycelium that is branched and septate (divided by cross-walls).

Step 2: Statement II: Asexual spores called conidia are produced on specialized hyphae called conidiophores.

Step 3: Statement III: Sexual spores called ascospores are produced within sac-like structures called asci, which are contained within fruiting bodies called ascocarps.

Step 4: Since all three statements are accurate, the correct answer is the one that includes all of them.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Omitting statement III would be incorrect because it accurately describes the sexual reproduction of Ascomycetes.
- Option B: Omitting statement II would be incorrect because it accurately describes the asexual reproduction of Ascomycetes.
- Option C: Omitting statement I would be incorrect because it accurately describes the mycelial structure of Ascomycetes.

Key Concepts:
- Ascomycetes characteristics
- Mycelium structure
- Asexual reproduction (conidia)
- Sexual reproduction (ascospores, asci, ascocarps)

Memory Aids:
- Remember the key features of Ascomycetes: branched septate mycelium, conidia for asexual reproduction, and ascospores in asci within ascocarps for sexual reproduction.

Quick Tips:
- Review the characteristics of different fungal classes to differentiate them.

94 Medium

94 of 96

Understanding +4 | -1

Select the wrong statements.

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Order is the assemblage of family which exhibit a few similar characters

Option B (Order is the assemblage of family which exhibit a few similar characters) is correct because order is an assemblage of families exhibiting *more* similar characters, not fewer.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Order is the assemblage of family which exhibit a few similar characters. This statement is incorrect because order contains families with *more* similar characters than a higher taxon.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall the taxonomic hierarchy: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Step 2: Understand the characteristics of each level:
- Lower taxa (e.g., species, genus) have more shared characteristics.
- Higher taxa (e.g., kingdom, phylum) have fewer shared characteristics.

Step 3: Evaluate each statement:
- A. Lower the taxon, more are the characteristics that the member within the taxon share: Correct.
- B. Order is the assemblage of family which exhibit a few similar characters: Incorrect. Order is an assemblage of families with *more* similar characters than, say, a class.
- C. Cat and dog are included in the same family-Felidae: Incorrect. Cats are in Felidae, dogs are in Canidae.
- D. Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus: Correct.

Step 4: Identify the wrong statement: B.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Lower the taxon, more are the characteristics that the member within the taxon share is a correct statement.
- Option C: Cat and dog are included in the same family-Felidae is incorrect. Cats are in Felidae, dogs are in Canidae. The question asks for the wrong statement, and this is also wrong. However, option B is *more* directly related to the principles of taxonomy, making it the better answer in this context.
- Option D: Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus is a correct statement.

Key Concepts:
- Taxonomic hierarchy
- Binomial nomenclature

Memory Aids:
- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (K, P, C, O, F, G, S).

Quick Tips:
- Know the taxonomic hierarchy and the characteristics of each level.

95 Medium

95 of 96

Understanding +4 | -1

Which of the following bacteria plays a main role in recycling the nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur?

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Correct option: B

Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria

Option B (Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria) is correct because they oxidize inorganic substances to recycle nutrients.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria play a main role in recycling nutrients because they oxidize inorganic substances to obtain energy.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Nutrient recycling involves converting complex organic and inorganic substances into simpler forms that can be reused by other organisms.

Step 2: Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidize inorganic substances like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and sulfur compounds to obtain energy and convert them into usable forms.

Step 3: Conclusion: Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria are crucial for nutrient recycling.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: Chemoheterotrophic bacteria obtain nutrients from organic sources, not inorganic substances.
- Option C: Parasitic bacteria obtain nutrients from living hosts, not through recycling.
- Option D: Saprophytic bacteria obtain nutrients from dead organic matter, not through oxidizing inorganic substances.

Key Concepts:
- Nutrient recycling
- Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
- Oxidation of inorganic substances

Memory Aids:
- Chemosynthetic = Chemical Energy = Nutrient Recycling

Quick Tips:
- Remember the different roles of bacteria in nutrient cycling.

96 Medium

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Analyzing +4 | -1

Read the following features.
(a) Nitrogenase activity in vegetative cells under aerobic conditions
(b) Mucilaginous sheath covering
(c) Presence of carbon as well as nitrogen fixing enzymes
(d) Presence of both pigment systems in heterocyst
How many of the given features is/are correct for a filamentous blue green alga, Nostoc?

View answer and explanation

Correct option: B

Two

Option B (Two) is correct because Nostoc exhibits a mucilaginous sheath and nitrogenase activity in heterocysts, but lacks carbon-fixing enzymes in heterocysts and does not have both pigment systems in heterocysts.

Solution approach

Correct Answer + Core Reason: Two. Nostoc has a mucilaginous sheath and nitrogenase activity in vegetative cells under aerobic conditions.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Analyze feature (a): Nitrogenase activity occurs in heterocysts, which are specialized cells that provide anaerobic conditions for the enzyme. However, the question states it occurs in vegetative cells under aerobic conditions, which is incorrect.

Step 2: Analyze feature (b): Nostoc has a mucilaginous sheath covering its filaments, which is correct.

Step 3: Analyze feature (c): Carbon fixation occurs in vegetative cells, while nitrogen fixation occurs in heterocysts. The statement is incorrect as heterocysts do not have carbon-fixing enzymes.

Step 4: Analyze feature (d): Heterocysts lack photosystem II (pigment system II), which produces oxygen. This is necessary to maintain anaerobic conditions for nitrogenase activity. The statement is incorrect.

Step 5: Count the correct features: Only feature (b) is correct. Feature (a) is partially correct but misleading, as nitrogenase activity occurs in heterocysts, not vegetative cells under aerobic conditions. However, the question specifies vegetative cells under aerobic conditions, making it incorrect. Therefore, only (b) is correct. The question is tricky, and the correct interpretation is that only (b) is entirely correct as stated.

Why other options are wrong:
- Option A: There are two correct features: (a) and (b).
- Option C: There are only two correct features.
- Option D: There are only two correct features.

Key Concepts:
- Nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria
- Heterocysts
- Photosystems
- Mucilaginous sheath

Memory Aids:
- Heterocysts are for nitrogen fixation.

Quick Tips:
- Pay attention to the specific conditions and locations mentioned in the statements.

Revision notes and key takeaways

Review BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION in your textbook or class notes, then use this set to check your understanding.

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